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unit 2
the atom and periodic table
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atomic Radius | measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding shells of electrons |
| Chemical Family | a group of elements with similar chemical properties |
| EM Spectrum | the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies |
| Electronegativity | the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons when forming a chemical bond |
| Frequency | the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample |
| Ionic Radius | the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure |
| Ionization Energy | the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule |
| Isotopes | two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei |
| Planck's Constant | a fundamental constant, equal to the energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation divided by its frequency |
| Valence Electrons | an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom |
| Wavelength | the distance over which the wave's shape repeats |
| Alkali Metals | consist of the chemical elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium |
| Alkali Earth Metals | They are reactive, electropositive, divalent metals, and form basic oxides which react with water to form comparatively insoluble hydroxides |
| Atom | smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Average Atomic Mass | an element is the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element |
| Electrons | a subatomic particle, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge |
| Electron Affinity | is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion |
| Halogens | a group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically related elements: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine (I), and astatine |
| Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus |
| Nuetrons | a subatomic particle, symbol n or n⁰ , which has a neutral charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton |
| Noble Gases | make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity |
| Nucleus | the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom |
| Oxidation Numbers | describes the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound |
| Proton | a subatomic particle, symbol p or p⁺ , with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron |
| Transition Metals | any of various chemical elements that have valence electrons |
| Speed Of Light | speed at which light waves propagate through different materials |
| Photon | a type of elementary particle. It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves |
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jp339810
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