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1 Unit Atoms
Atoms vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
proton | the part of the atom with a positive charge, located in then nucleus |
neutron | the part of the atom that has no charge, located in the nucleus |
electron | the negatively charged part of the atom, located outside the nucleus |
nucleus | the center area of an atom |
ion | an atom in which the positive charges (protons) do NOT equal the negative charges (electrons) |
neutral atom | an atom in which the positive charges (protons) equal the negative charges (electrons) |
ground state | the state of an atom before energy is applied to it |
atom | the smallest unit of matter |
shells | layers outside the nucleus where the electrons are located |
valence electrons | electrons in the outermost shell |
atomic number | the smaller of the two numbers on the periodic table, tells you the number of protons |
atomic mass (of a single atom) | the number of protons plus the number of neutrons for that atom |
average atomic mass | the weighted average of all isotopes of that element |
isotope | atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different number of neutrons |
element symbol | a 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element's name |
periodic table | a list of all the known elements, arranged in order of atomic number |
period | a row on the periodic table: there are 7 |
group | a column on the periodic table: there are 18 |
alkali metals | the group of elements located below Hydrogen on the periodic table |
alkaline earth metals | the group of elements in the second column of the periodic table |
transition metals | the elements in the center of the periodic table ( groups 3-12) |
halogens | the elements in the second to last group of the periodic table (group 17) |
noble gases | the elements in the last column of the periodic table: they are unreactive due to their pattern of electrons |
excited state | the state of an atom when energy has been applied and one or more electrons have moved further from the nucleus |
spectral lines | a pattern of lines given off by the movement of electrons in an atom. Each element has a unique pattern, like a fingerprint. |