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Unit 2: The Atom

te atom and period tabl

TermDefinition
Atomic Radius a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding shells of electrons.
Chemical Family a group is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements.
EM spectrum the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.
Electronegativity the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons when forming a chemical bond.
Frequency the number of waves that pass a certain point in a specified amount of time.
Ionic Radius the radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure.
Ionization Energy the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule.
Isotopes two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number and position in the periodic table, and that differ in nucleon numbers due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Planks Constant h = Planck's constant
Valence Electrons an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a sh
Wavelength the distance between any given point and the same point in the next wave cycle.
Alkali Metals alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium. Together with hydrogen they constitute group 1, which lies in the s-block of the periodic table.
Alkaline Earth Metals alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals
Atom the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.
Atomic Number the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element.
Average Atomic Mass the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element.
Electrons a subatomic particle, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
Electron Affinity the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion.
Halogens a group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically related elements: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine (I), and astatine. The artificially created element 117, tennessine, may also be a halogen. In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this gr
Mass Number the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
Nuetrons a subatomic particle, symbol n or n⁰ , which has a neutral charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.
Noble Gases a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.
Nucleus the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.
Oxidation Numbers describes the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound.
Photon he quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.
Proton a subatomic particle, symbol p or p⁺ , with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron.
Speed of Light is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics.
Transition Metals an element whose atom has a partially filled d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.
Created by: dp452865
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