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Bonding

QuestionAnswer
What are valence electrons? The outermost electrons.
Why do atoms undergo bonding? To achieve a stable electronic configuration (also called noble gas configuration since all noble gases are stable).
Describe 3 ways in which an atom can achieve stability through chemical change. They can: 1) Donate valence electron(s) to another atom 2) Gain valence electrons(s) from another atom 3) Share valence electron(s) with another atom
What is a chemical bond? A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms that results from the redistribution of their electrons.
Describe the 3 main types of chemical bonding. 1) Ionic bonding - occurs when a metal bonds with a non-metal 2) Covalent bonding - occurs when two or more non-metals bond 3) Metallic bonding - occurs within a metal
Which two types of bonding result in formation of chemical compounds? Ionic bonding and covalent bonding.
What is a compound? Structures formed when atoms combine chemically with each other.
What happens in ionic bonding? Valence electrons from metal atoms are transferred to non-metal atoms.
How many valence electrons do metals usually have? 1 to 3
How many valence electrons do non-metals usually have? 4 to 7
What do metals do to obtain noble gas (stable) configuration? They lose their valence electrons.
What do non-metals do to obtain noble gas (stable) configuration? They gain electrons into their valence shell.
What happens when an atom becomes an ion? It has either lost or gained electrons and is now charged. The number of electrons is no longer the same as the number of protons. It is no longer neutral.
Cations are positively charged ions. How are they formed? They are formed when a metal atom loses electrons. The ion formed has more protons than electrons and so it is positively charged.
Anions are negatively charged ions. How are they formed? They are formed when a non-metal atom gains electrons. The ion formed has more electrons that protons and so it is negatively charged.
How are anions named? First part of the element name is kept, the end always ends with 'ide'. Eg. chloride, oxide, nitride etc... more on this in later topics.
What are ionic bonds? These are chemical bonds created by the electrostatic forces of attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions in ionic compounds.
What is a lattice structure? It is a regular, three-dimensional arrangement of particles.
What is a covalent bond? It is a chemical bond formed by sharing electrons between non-metal atoms.
What is a molecule? A group of two or more atoms which are covalently bonded together strongly enough to behave as a single unit in a chemical reaction.
What happens in covalent bonding? Non-metal atoms overlap to share their unpaired valence electrons in order to achieve stability. This can occur between atoms of the same element or different elements.
What is electronegativity? This is a measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons.
What makes a molecule polar? The atoms at each side of the covalent bond attract the shared electrons with different strengths. Slight charges arise.
List examples of polar molecules. Water (H2O) , ammonia (NH3), hydrogen chloride (HCl), ethanol. glucose etc.
What makes a molecule non-polar? The atoms at each side of the covalent bond attract the shared electrons with equal strengths such that the molecule does not have any charged sides.
List examples of non-polar molecules. Oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), chlorine (Cl2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) etc
What is a metallic bond? It is the chemical bond created by the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive cations and the mobile delocalized electrons within the bulk of a metal.
Created by: Ms.Kumar
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