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Cosmology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Big Bang Theory | The universe began in a very hot, dense state that expanded rapidly and cooled to eventually condense into galaxies. (singularity) |
| Gravitational force | The fundamental force holding things together in the universe. |
| Evidence for the Big Bang Theory | Redshift (universe expanding), cosmic background radiation, abundance of hydrogen and helium |
| Redshift | Object is moving away from you (longer wavelength) |
| Blueshift | Object is moving toward you (shorter wavelength) |
| Nebula | Cloud of gas and dust (1st stage in star cycle) |
| Protostar | The attraction of gravity causes particles in the cloud to move towards each other. As they run into each other, they become hot and denser. (2nd stage in star cycle) |
| Main Sequence | Adult stage: Core of star is hot enough for nuclear fusion becoming stable. (3rd stage in star cycle) |
| Red Giant | All the hydrogen is used up and has formed helium. The core contracts, the energy produced from the Hydrogen fusion cause the outer layers to expand. (4th stage in star cycle) |
| White Dwarf | Core is made of carbon. Temperature and pressure no longer support outer layers. Giant star collapses. Our sun will turn into this stage. |
| Supernova | A massive star becomes so unstable it collapses on itself. The infalling material bounces off the Iron core, the material explodes outward. |
| Neutron Star | The results of a massive star (10-20x’s the size of the sun) imploding. |
| Black Hole | Results of a supermassive star imploding (20x’s sun’s mass or more). Gravity is so strong that not even light can escape! |
| Mass and Size | Determines the path of the life cycle of a star. |
| HR Diagram | A diagram developed to graphically classify stars by their size, color, temperature and luminosity. |
| Nuclear fusion | 10 million Kelvin - Hydrogen fuses into Helium in stars core. |
| Spiral | Shape of our galaxy - Milky way |
| Sun | Where all our energy comes from. |
| Core | Densest layer of the sun. |
| Photosphere | Lowest layer in the suns atmosphere but the most visible (what we see) |
| Sunspot | Cooler areas on the surface of the photosphere that appear darker than the surrounding areas on the Sun. |
| Solar flare | A sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun’s surface. |
| Prominance | Arc of gas ejected from the photosphere. |
| Corona | Outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere (visible during total solar eclipse). |
| Solar Wind | Gas flows outward from the corona at high speeds and forming these winds. It is made up of charged particles, or ions, which flow outward through the entire solar system. |
| Binary Stars | Two stars that are gravitationally bound together and orbit a common center of mass. |
| Astronomical unit | The distance between Earth and the Sun. 1 AU = 93,000,000 miles. |
| Light year | The distance it takes to travel one year. 9.5 trillion kilometers. |
| Parallax | The apparent shift in a stars position by the motion of the observer. |
| Absolute magnitude | The measure of the amount light a star gives off (How bright the star really is) |
| Apparent magnitude | A measure of the amount of light received on Earth (How bright it looks because it is closer). |
| Luminosity | Energy output from the surface of a star per second; measured in watts. (brightness) |
Created by:
jadams2021
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