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Ch1-1 Earth Science
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Stress | The forces that push and pull on the Earth's crust, causing its deformation |
Crust | The surface layer of the Earth |
Deformation | In geology, any change in the original shape or volume of rocks |
Compression | The type of stress that squeezes rocks together |
Tension | The type of stress that pulls rocks apart |
Shearing | The type of stress that pushes rocks of the crust in two opposite, horizontal directions |
Fracture | Crack of Break |
Volume | The amount of space an object takes up |
Mass | The measure of the amount of matter in an object |
Density | The amount of matter in a given space; the mass per unit volume |
Fault | A break or crack along which rocks move |
Hanging Wall | A block of rock above the fault |
Foot Wall | A block of rock below a fault |
Normal Fault | A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall (caused by tension) |
Reverse Fault | A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall (caused by compression |
Thrust Fault | A reverse fault in which the hanging wall slides over the foot wall (caused by compression) |
Lateral Fault | A fault along which blocks move horizontally past each other (caused by shearing) |
Fault-Block Mountains | A mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted by normal faults |
Rift Valleys | A valley formed when the block of land between two normal faults slides downward |
Fold | A bend in a rock |
Anticline | An upward fold in a rock |
Syncline | A downward fold in a rock |