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BJ Physical Sci 6

BJU Physical Science - Ch 6 6th edition

TermDefinition
alcohol A substituted hydrocarbon in which a hydroxyl group (OH) replaces a hydrogen atom.
aldehyde A substituted hydrocarbon in which the replacement by an oxygen atom of a pair of hydrogen atoms at the end of a hydrocarbon chain forms a carbonyl group (C=O)
amino acid A class of organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins.
aromatic hydrocarbon An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene structure.
benzene ring A six-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon ring with the electrons from the C-C bonds equally distributed among the carbon atoms. It is the key feature in aromatic hydrocarbons.
carbohydrate An organic compound comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that is the basic energy source for living organisms; includes sugars and starches.
DNA The nucleic acid responsible for most cellular reproduction, growth, and development; abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid.
functional group An atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom to form a substituted hydrocarbon; also called a substituent.
hydrocarbon An organic compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
isomer Any of a group of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures.
ketone A substituted hydrocarbon in which a pair of hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom other than those at the end of the carbon chain are replaced by an oxygen atom, forming a carbonyl group (C=O)
lipid Organic compounds that provide long-term energy storage in living organisms; includes fats, oils, waxes, and steriods.
monomer A simple molecule that can link with other monomers to form large molecules called polymers. For example, glucose monomers combine to form the polymer starch.
nucleic acid A biochemical polymer that encodes, stores, and provides instructions for cellular processes.
nucleotide Any of a group of biochemical molecules that act as the monomers to make nucleic acids. Each consists of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group.
organic compound A covalently bonded compound containing carbon.
polymer A large molecule formed by linking smaller molecules, called monomers. For example, nucleic acid, a polymer, is formed by linking nucleotide monomers.
protein A biochemical polymer made of amino acids. Proteins are the building blocks for muscle, blood, skin, and hair in humans and animals.
saturated hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon that has only single bonds between its carbon atoms.
substituted hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with another atom or group of atoms. The replacement atom or group of atoms is called a functional group.
unsaturated hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon that has at least one double or triple bond between its carbon atoms.
Created by: marchscience
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