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BJU Physical Sci 4

BJU Physical Science - Ch 4 6th edition

TermDefinition
alkali metal An element in Group 1 of the periodic table , having one valence electron that it can easily lose to form a 1+ cation, making it extremely reactive; the most reactive of all the metals.
alkaline-earth metal An element in Group 2 of the periodic table, having two valence electrons that it tends to lose easily to become a 2+ cation, making it very reactive
atomic radius The distance from the center of an atom's nucleus to its outermost energy level.
electron dot notation A representation of an atom consisting of its chemical symbol with surrounding dots representing its valence electrons.
electronegativity A measure of an element's ability to attract and hold electrons when bonded to other atoms.
family A column of elements in the periodic table having similar valence electron arrangement, resulting in similar chemical properties; also known as a group.
group See family.
halogen An element in Group 17 of the periodic table having seven valence electrons. It easily gains an electron, forming a 1- anion, which causes it to be highly reactive.
inner transition metal An element from either of two rows usually placed below the periodic table; a member of either the lanthanide or actinide series. It typically has two valence electrons.
metal An element that is typically dense, solid, ductile, malleable, highly conductive, and chemically reactive, especially in the presence of nonmetal elements. Metals are located on the left end of the periodic table.
metalloid An element with characteristics between those of metals and nonmetals; also called semi-conductors; located between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
mixed group Any of Groups 13-16 in the periodic table; so named because they contain metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. These groups are often named for the first element in the family.
noble gas An element in Group 18 on the periodic table having eight valence electrons that fill the outer energy level. (Helium is an exception with only two.) With a full outer energy level, it is inert (i.e., nonreactive).
nonmetal An element that typically has four or more valence electrons and that does not exhibit the general properties of metals; located on the right side of the periodic table.
period (1) A row in the periodic table of the elements; also called a series. (2) The time interval (T) for one complete cycle of periodic motion.
periodic law The law that states that the properties of the elements vary with their atomic numbers in a regular, repeated pattern.
periodic table of the elements A table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers.
transition metal Any elements in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table, typically having one or two valence electrons, which it easily loses, resulting in cations with charges of 1+ or 2+.
valence electron Any electron in the outermost energy level of a neutral atom. Unpaired valence electrons are usually involved in chemical bonding.
Created by: marchscience
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