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CC5,6F
GCSE Combined Science Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do atoms gain or lose electrons? | To get a full outer shell. |
| What do group 2 atoms do when they form ions? | Lose 2 electrons. |
| What do group 7 atoms do when they from ions? | Gain 1 electron. |
| What name is given to:- a) a positive ion? b) a negative ion? | a)cation b)anion |
| What charges to ions from groups 1, 2 and 3 have? | +1, +2, +3 |
| What charges to ions from groups 5,6 and 7 have? | -3, -2, -1 |
| What is the formula of calcium chloride? (Calcium ion = Ca2+, Chloride ion = Cl-) | CaCl2 |
| What is the formula of magnesium hydroxide? (Magnesium ion = Mg2+, Hydroxide ion = OH-) | Mg(OH)2 |
| What is an ionic bond? | An electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions. |
| What is an ionic lattice? | A 3D structure of alternating anions and cations in a regular arrangement held together by ionic bonds. |
| Why do ionic compounds have high melting points? | Because melting needs a lot of energy to break strong ionic bonds. |
| When do ionic compounds not conduct electricity? | When they are in the solid state. |
| Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water? | Because the ions are able to move to carry a charge. |
| Why do atoms transfer electrons in ionic bonding? | So that they can have full outer shells |
| Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when lithium bonds with fluorine | One electron transferred from lithium to fluorine |
| Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when magnesium bonds with oxygen | Two electrons transferred from magnesium to oxygen |
| Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when beryllium bonds with oxygen | Two electrons transferred from beryllium to oxygen |
| Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when magnesium bonds with chlorine | One electron transferred from magnesium to two different chlorine atoms |
| Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when sodium bonds with oxygen | Two electrons transferred to an oxygen atom from two different sodium atoms |
| Why do sodium ions and chlorine ions form an ionic bond? | There is an electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Why don't sulphur ions and oxygen ions form ionic bonds with each other? | Both have negative charges so would repel |
| What is the name for the structure made of billions of oppositely charged ions joined together? | Giant ionic lattice |
| Define giant ionic lattice | A huge 3D network of ions |
| Will NaCl(s) conduct electricity? | No |
| Will NaCl (aq) conduct electricity? | Yes (aq stands for aqueous which means it is dissolved in water) |
| Will NaCl (l) conduct electricity? | Yes |
| What does molten mean? | Melted |
| Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid | Because the ions are not free to move |
| Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution | Because the ions are free to move |
| In ionic bonds, electrons are ___________________ | Transferred |
| Explain in terms of electrons what occurs when lithium bonds with chlorine | One electron transferred from lithium to chlorine |
| Lithium is in Group 1, What charge will an ion of lithium have? | 1+ (one electron in the outer shell, needs to lose it) |
| Berrylium is in Group 2. What charge will an ion of beryllium take? | 2+ (two electrons in the outer shell, needs to lose them both) |
| Barium is in Group 2. What charge will an ion of barium take? | 2+ (group 2 so two electrons in the outer shell, needs to lose them both) |
| Fluorine is Group 7. What charge will an ion of fluorine take? | 1- (7 electrons in the outer shell, needs to gain one) |
| If something has gained electrons, what charge will it have? | Negative |
| If something has lost electrons, what charge will it have? | Positive (because they have lost a negative!) |
| Oxygen is in Group 6. What charge will an ion of oxygen take? | 2- (6 electrons in outer shell so needs to gain two) |
| What is an ion? | an atom which has lost or gained an electron |
| How many electrons, protons and neutrons in a sodium ion Na+ ? | 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons |
| If a compound name ends in -ide what does this show? | It is a molecule made of 2 elements only. |
| How many electrons, protons and neutrons in an oxide ion O2- ? | 8 protons, 8 neutrons, 10 electrons |
| How many electrons, protons and neutrons in a chloride ion Cl- ? | 17 protons, 18 neutrons, 18 electrons |
| How many electrons, protons and neutrons in a magnesium ion Mg2+ ? | 12 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons |
| What elements are in potassium hydroxide? | potassium, oxygen and hydrogen |
| What elements are in iron carbonate | iron, carbon and oxygen |
| What types of atoms do covalent bonds form between? | Non-metal and non-metal atoms. |
| What is a covalent bond? | A shared pair of electrons. |
| What is a double bond? | A bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons. |
| How many covalent bonds do atoms from group 4 form? | 4 |
| How many covalent bonds do atoms from group 5 form? | 3 |
| How many covalent bonds do atoms from group 6 form? | 2 |
| How many covalent bonds do atoms from group 7 form? | 1 |
| Draw the dot and cross diagram of a hydrogen molecule. | |
| Draw the dot and cross diagram of a hydrogen chloride molecule. | |
| Draw the dot and cross diagram of a water molecule. | |
| Draw the dot and cross diagram of a methane molecule. | |
| Draw the dot and cross diagram of an oxygen molecule. | |
| Draw the dot and cross diagram of a carbon dioxide molecule. | |
| Complete the sentence: In covalent bonds, electrons are _______________________ | Shared |
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Davenant Foundation School
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