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CC3,4F
GCSE Combined Science Chemistry
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the relative mass, relative charge and location of a proton | mass= 1, charge = +1, location= nucleus |
What is the relative mass, relative charge and location of a neutron | mass= 1, charge = 0, location = nucleus |
What is the relative mass, relative charge and location of an electron | mass= 1/1835 (negligible), charge = -1, location = shells |
What is atomic number? | atomic number is the number at the bottom of the elements on the periodic table and is equal to the number of protons and electrons |
How many electrons are held in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd shells maximum? | 1st= 2, 2nd= 8 and 3rd= 8 |
What is an isotope? | an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
What is relative atomic mass | the weighted average mass of all the isotopes of an atom compared to an atom of Carbon-12 atom |
What is isotopic abundance | the percentage of an element that is made of a particular isotope |
Describe characteristics of daltons model of atoms | tiny hard spheres, cannot be broken dowen, cant be created of destroyed, atoms of an element are identical, different elements are made of different atoms |
Describe Thompsons model | Atoms contain electrons that are free to move about a positvely charged atom |
Describe rutherfords experiment | fired alpha particles at gold leaf and most passed through, some were scattered |
What was rutherford conclusion | scattered alpha particles hit the nucleus and most past through the atom. There the nucleus is very small |
Describe Bohr model of atoms | a small positive nucleus surrounded by shell of electrons |
State the three subatomic particles | Protons, neutrons, electrons |
State the masses of the subatomic particles | Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: 0 |
State the relative charges of the subatomic particles | Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1 |
How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom? | Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells |
What is the mass number of an atom? | The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom |
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? | Mass number - atomic number |
What is the mass and charge of a neutron? | Mass = 1 Charge =0 |
Why do atoms have no overall charge? | Because they have the same number of electrons as protons so the charges cancels each other out. |
How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of the atom? | Nucleus is very small |
What are isotopes? | Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers |
What are the similarities and differences between isotopes? | Same number of electrons and protons but a different number of neutrons. |
Sodium has a mass number of 23, and an atomic number of 11. How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 neutrons |
Aluminium has a mass number of 27, and an atomic number of 13. How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 13 protons, 13 electrons, 14 neutrons |
What makes an atom an atom of a particular element? | The number of protons in an atom tells what element the atom is. |
What are some of the values for relative atomic mass not whole numbers? | They are the average mass of an atom of that isotope, there are several kinds each present in a different amount. So the average is not a whole number. |
Neon has a mass number of 20, and an atomic number of 10. How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 10 protons, 10 electrons, 10 neutrons |
Nitrogen has a mass number of 14, and an atomic number of 7. How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 7 protons, 7 electrons, 7 neutrons |
What is the atomic number of an atom? | The number of protons in an atom |
What can the period tell you about how the electrons are arranged in an atom? | How many shells an atom has. E.g. carbon is in the second period so has two shells |
Why did Mendeleev put some elements in groups? | Because they had similar chemical properties |
What did Mendeleev put the elements in order of? | Increasing atomic mass |
What are groups in the periodic table? | The columns |
How are the electrons arranged in atoms? | Orbiting the nucleus in shells |
Where are the metals found on the periodic table? | on the left hand side |
How many electrons does calcium have? | 20 |
How many electrons does silicon have? | 14 |
How are the electrons in sulphur arranged? | 2.8.6 |
How are the electrons in magnesium arranged? | 2.8.2 |
How many electrons are in the outer shell of boron? | 3 |
How many electrons are in the outer shell of phosphorous? | 5 |
How many electrons are in the outer shell of sodium? | 1 |
How many electrons are in the outer shell of Gallium? | 3 (it is in group 3!) |
Write the two ways in which Dmitri Mendeleev ordered his periodic table? | By increasing atomic mass with some elements switched according to their properties. |
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table? | He left gaps where no known element fitted and predicted these would be filled with newly discovered elements. |
What was the conclusion of Mosely’s experiment | The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom. |
Write the electronic configuration of oxygen which has an atomic number of 8 | 2,6 |
Write the electronic configuration of chlorine which has an atomic number of 17 | 2,8,7 |
Write the electronic configuration of potassium which has an atomic number of 19 | 2,8,8,1 |
What does the group number that an element is in tell you about the elements electronic configuration? | The number of electrons in the outer shell. |
What does the period that an element is in tell you about the elements electronic configuration? | The number of electron shells in atoms of that element. |
How many electrons can go in the first shell? How many in the second shell? | 2 = 1st shell, 8 = second shell |
Why did the discovery of Gallium support Mendeleev’s theories? | Gallium’s properties matched the properties that he predicted. |
Why did Mendeleev switch the order of Iodine and Tellurium from their order of atomic mass? | So they had similar properties to elements in the same group |
How are the elements in the modern periodic table ordered? | In order of atomic number. |
Write the electronic configuration of carbon which has an atomic number of 6 | 2,4 |
Write the electronic configuration of phosphorous which has an atomic number of 15 | 2,8,5 |
Write the electronic configuration of calcium which has an atomic number of 20 | 2,8,8,2 |
Sodium is in group 1 of the periodic table. How many electrons does sodium have its outer shell? | 1 |
Fluorine is in group 7 of the periodic table. How many electrons does Fluorine have in its outer shell? | 7 |
Caesium is in the sixth period of the periodic table what does that tell you about the number of electron shells in Caesium atoms | It has six shells. |
Magnesium is in the third period of the periodic table what does that tell you about the number of electron shells in Magnesium atoms | It has three shells. |