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Section 7
Rebuilding the Country after 1945
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Beveridge Report | Published during WWII, it suggested a social insurance program that made all citizens eligible for health, unemployment, pension, and other benefits. |
| The Five Giants | - Want: an adequate education for all - Disease: access to healthcare - Ignorance: a good education - Squalor: adequate housing - Idleness: gainful employment |
| Welfare State | A state (or country) where the government provide people with benefits such as education, healthcare and unemployment pay. This is free at the point of use but is paid for through general taxation. |
| 1944- Education Act | This set the leaving school age to 15 and introduced free secondary schools. Pupils took an '11-plus' IQ test that determined the school they attended next. |
| 1945 Family Allowances Act | Parents were given 5 shillings (£7.54) per week for each child after their first born. This was to help cover some of the costs involved in bringing up a child. |
| 1946 National Insurance Act- Industrial Injuries Act | Extra benefits for people injured at work |
| 1946 New Towns Act | This authorized the building of new towns at places such as Stevenage, Basildon, Newton Wycliffe and Peterlee. |
| 1946 National Health Service Act | Aneurin Bevan's NHS Act came into effect on 5th July 1948. A variety of services such as hospitals, dentists, opticians, ambulances, midwives, became free to everyone. |
| 1947 Town and Country Planning Act | Set the target of building 300,000 new houses a year and 1.25 million council houses were built between 1945 and 1951. It also defined green belt land that had to be kept rural. |
| 1948 Children's Act | This required councils to provide good housing and care for all children 'deprived of a normal home life' |
| The 'Homes for All' Policy | The Labour Government were keen to improve housing and this was part of their attack on the 'giant' of squalor. |
| Nationalisation of the Key Industries | Nationalisation was the Labour party's idea of putting the control of the main industries in the hands of the people instead of a small group of small shareholders |
| Nationalisation of the Coal Industry | The Coal Industry Nationalisation Act of 1946 came into effect in January 1947. A national Coal Board was set up under the Minister of Fuel and Power |
| Nationalisation of Electricity | In 1947 the electricity industry was nationalised, it was followed by the gas industry in 1948. The aim of this was to spread both services to all areas of the country. |
| Nationalisation of Railways | The government bought 52,000 miles of existing railway track in January 1948. Their hope was that British Rail would make rail transport around Britain more efficient for both industry and commuters. |
| Nationalisation of Road Haulage | Long distance hauliers were brought under the control and ownership of the British Road Services. Bus services and hauliers carrying their own goods were exempt. |
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