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Chapter 16: Pharm

Chapter 16: Community Pharmacy

QuestionAnswer
What fraction of prescription drugs in the US are dispensed by community pharmacies? two-thirds
What are interpersonal skills? Skills involving relationships between people.
What are the rapidly growing aspects of community pharmacies? Disease state management (DSM), Medication Therapy Management (MTM), and other clinical services and programs.
What are the five core elements of MTMs? medication therapy review (MTR), personal medication record (PMR), medication-related action plan (MAP), intervention/referral, and follow-up/documentation.
What are the growing number of vaccines that pharmacists are administering? Influenza, herpes, zoster, and pneumococcal vaccines.
What are independent pharmacies? Individually owned and local pharmacies.
What are chain pharmacies? regional or national pharmacy chains like CVS
What are mass merchandise pharmacies? regional or national chains that sell mass merchandise and has a pharmacy like Walmart
What are food store pharmacies? regional or national food store with in pharmacies like Kroger
What is the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)? Federal legislation requiring pharmacists to provide counseling to Medicaid patients receiving new prescriptions (DUE).
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? Federal legislation designed to protect patient's personal and medical information and also encourage use of electronic date interchange in the US.
What is the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act? or Medicare Modernization Act Federal legislation that created Medicare Part D and made allowance for Medicare recipients to receive Medicare medical coverage through private insurance plans.
What is the Combat Methamphetamine Act (CMEA)? Federal legislation enacted to regulate over the counter sales of ephedrine,pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine. Only 3.6g in a day per person and 9g per 30 days.
What are transaction windows? Counter areas designated for taking prescriptions and for dispensing them to patients.
What should the refrigerator temperature for medications be? 36-46 F or 2-8 C (NO FOOD)
What is a prescription counter? Designated for preparing non-compounded prescriptions. Equipment in this area would be trays, vials, labels, and auxiliary labels.
What is a compounding area? Must be easily accessible to the sink and space required for mixing and other preparations.
What is a major pharmacy technician responsibility? To process and refill prescriptions.
Why are e-scripts an advantage? Makes processing the prescription faster and helps avoid errors that might otherwise be made interpreting handwriting or re-typing information.
What type of information do patient profiles have? Name, DOB, current address, telephone #, allergies to meds, insurance info, service preferences, if the patient is picking up or waiting for prescriptions.
What information is on insurances cards? Name of plan, patient's ID #, Group number, pharmacy BIN, person code, provider service number.
DAW code 0 No DAW
DAW code 1 written by prescriber
DAW code 2 Patient requested brand
DAW code 3 Pharmacist selected brand
DAW code 4 Generic not in stock
DAW code 5 Brand drug dispensed with generic price.
DAW code 6 Override
DAW code 7 Substitution not allowed, brand mandated by law
DAW code 8 Generic drug not available
DAW code 9 Other
WHich medications should not be refilled so early? controlled substances
What is a partial refill? Small quantity of medication, 2 to 3 day supply, or enough until a new shipment of medication is expected to be received.
What are some reasons for prescriptions transfers? Convenience, better pricing or service,unavailability of the medication at original pharmacy, and/or insurance contracts with pharmacies.
What does the dark amber containers do for the drugs? Designed to protect from light, which can have an adverse affect on the quality and effectiveness of some drugs.
What is a safety-cap? a child-resistant cap
What type of people may prefer easy open caps? Elderly and arthritic patients
What is a counting tray? A tray designed for counting pills from a stock bottle into a prescription vial.
What are automated filling and dispensing machines? Automated machines that fill and label pill bottles with correct quantities of ordered drug.
What is a FillMaster? Automated device that dispenses the exact amount of distilled water into the stock bottle for reconstitution.
What are some prepacked or ready to dispense products? Eye and ear drops, creams, ointments, and gels, inhalers, oral contraceptives, and insulin vials.
What is a auxiliary label? Labels regarding specific warnings, foods or medications to avoid, potential side effects, and other cautionary interaction.
What is a Medication Guides (MedGuides)? Paper handouts that come with many prescription medications to provide FDA-approved information that can help patients avoid serious adverse events; required for certain drugs.
What are patient package inserts (PPIs)? Patient information that is part of the FDA-approved prescription drug labeling; required to be dispensed with specific products or classes of products such as oral contraceptives.
What are signature logs? A paper or electronic log patients sign to indicate they have picked up their prescriptions. Used by third party payers to review prescriptions.
How often should a pharmacy technician check all bottles for outdated expiration dates? Monthly
Where do expired drugs go? Must be sent back to the wholesaler or destroyed.
When receiving items with an invoice, what should the pharm tech check for? Drug product, strength, packaging, quantity, damage, and expiration dates.
Where do pharm tech go in order to resolve problems? Some pharmacies it is the pharmacist in charge, in other pharmacies it may be district manager or the head of a specific department.
What is markup? The difference between the retailer's purchase price and their sale price. Pharmacy increases the price of the OTC med to make a profit.
What are shelf stickers? Stickers with bar codes that can be scanned for inventory identification.
What is a unit price? The price of a unit of medication, such as one once of a liquid cold remedy. Just a portion of the medication price, not entire package.
What are walk-in clinics? Treat limited common conditions (colds, minor injuries). Staffed by nurse practitioners. NP can write prescriptions besides controlled substances.
What are some examples of walk-in clinics? Minute Clinics (CVS), and Take Care (Walgreens)
What is disease state managment? Pharmacist provides one-on-one consultation sessions to prevent or decrease effects of chronic diseases. Improve quality of life and minimize expensure.
What are some conditions that are in disease state management program? Diabetes, anticoagulation therapy, depression, smoking cessation, weight loss, blood pressure checks, COPD and asthma, coronary artery disease.
In order for a pharmacist to be reimbursed for their time, what do they need to fill out for MTM services? 1500 form and CPT codes for MTM services.
What is the drug utilization review (DUR) or Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE)? Process of verifying that a prescription being ordered does not interact with other medications on the patient's profile. Evaluation of a patient's drug therapy before medication is dispensed.
What should be evaluated under DUE or DUR? Therapeutic duplication, drug-drug/drug-disease/drug-allergy interactions, special directions, proper storage, administration, missed dose, common side effects.
Why is there ongoing monitoring of the drug therapy ? Need to monitor in order to see if they still need it or if the drug is being abused.
Who do you notify if a DUR warning popos up? Notify the pharmacist
What is signa? dosage, route of administration, duration of administration
What class is pseudoephedrine? Decongestant
All non-liquid forms of PSE products must be in what packs? Blister packs with no more than 2 doses per blister.
What cannot mail orders do with PSE products? Mail order companies may not sell more than 7.5 grams in 30 day period.
Where must PSE products be kept? Must be either locked in display case or behind counter.
Retailers must have what when PSE is bought? Must maintain a written or electronic log book of all transactions of drugs with more than 60 msg of PSE, keep records for 2 years.
What is put into the logbook? Purchaser signature, name and address, date and time of sale, and name or product, quantity sold
What is NPLEX? Real time data on purchases (can track who was prescribed with what).
What is the Red Flag Act of 2007? Set or provisions made by Federal Trade Act to help prevent identity theft from financial and medical business.
What do sellers must to the employees for the PSE act? Must train the requirements of law and show the certification to the Attorney general.
When is co-payment collected with partial fills? Co-payment collected when fully supply is dispensed. Meaning the patient is not charged until they get the full prescription.
What is considered early for refills? May be too early if more than a week.
Can controlled substances get early refills? No early refills for controlled substances.
How do you file for schedule 2 drugs? Filed separately
What do pharmacist do for transfers? Pharmacist calls original pharmacist for pt. info, prescriber, and refill info. Both pharmacies record each others info (name, address, phone, DEA, NPI).
In order to file controlled substances 3-5, what do you do? Filed separate or with other legend drugs with red c stamped.
How many refills can you have for Schedule 2 drugs? No refills
How many refills can you have for Sch 3,4,5 drugs? In 6 months you can have five refills.
How many refills can you for for legend drugs? 11 refills in 12 months
What do most states regulate? Requiring certification for pharm techs, regulate ration of pharmacist to pharm techs, some require OBRA counseling for all patients, regulate scope of practice for pharm techs.
What are prescription bins or shelves? Where completed prescriptions are alphabetically stored by patient's last name until picked up.
What are the parts of the NDC number? first who the manufacturer the second is dosage form and strength and last digits is form and package size. 11 digit code
What do computers generate? Label with NDC number in order to put the label on the prescription.
How do you transfer ointments and creams? With spatula to jar
What are some cases you don't need safety caps? Nitroglycerin, and pill contraceptives, elderly people drugs, and if you request it (just need it documented).
How many cassettes in automated filling machines? 50-200 cassettes for holding tabs or caps.
What is an example of an automated filling machine? Kirby Lester KL60, Parata Max, etc.
What do you to get the appropriate amount of liquids? Graduated cylinder
What is an example of a machine that adds correct amount of water for reconstitution? Fillmaster
What programs requires MedGuides? REMS program, risks outweigh the benefits.
What are some verifications you need to do for patients? Verify patient's name, birthdate, address, and telephone number.
If something has patient identification on it, what should you do in order to discard it? It has to be shredded and not thrown in the regular trash.
know the generic on the book otc
What is St. John's Wort supplement ? Helps with depression
What is melatonin? Sleep aid
What is echinacea ? Immune system enhancer
What is ginkgo biloba? Memory enhancer
What is cranberry? Urinary acidifier
Vitamin A Retinol- Antioxidant/ skin & vision (fat soluble; doesn't dissolve in water)
What are fat soluble vitamins mean? Stored longer and do not dissolve in water.
What are water soluble vitamins mean? Body uses them often so you need to frequently take them.
Vitamin B Complex Water soluble so not stored and need to be replaced daily
What is B1? Thiamine, Food to energy
What is B2? Riboflavin-Food to energy
What is B3? Niacin-Food to energy, helps with cholesterol
What is B5? Patothenic acid-Food to energy
What is B6? Pyridoxine-Decrease risk of heart disease
What is B7? Biotin-Bone growth
What is B9? Folate- prevent neural tube defects
What is B12? Cobalamin
What is Vitamin C? Ascorbic Acid- collagen, antioxidant (fat soluble)
What is Vitamin D? Calciferol- Maintains levels of Calcium
What is the inscription? The medication that is being prescribed, what the physician wants them to take.
What is a subscription? Note to the pharmacist (instruction to how they want it made).
What is signa? "Write on the label". They are the directions for use for the patient.
What is transcription? Is the inscription and signa.
What is glucosamine? Joint health
What is Medication Errors Reporting Form (MERF)? Informs manufacturers of errors caused by commercial packaging and labeling.
What is FDA Adverse Effect Reporting System (FAERS)? Adverse effects associated with medications are reported through FAERS.
What is MedWatch? Created by FDA; Medical safety reporting program for professionals and customers. Adverse effects related to drugs, food, cosmetics, biologics, and medical equipment.
What is Vaccine Adverse Effects Reporting System (VAERS)? Adverse effects associated with vaccines reported through; can be reported by anyone. Looked over CDC and FDA.
What is Vaccine Errors Reporting Program (VERP)? Reported to ISMP by HC provider.
What is Med Marx? Overseen by ISMP internet accessible database, anonymous way of reporting medication errors and adverse reactions for hospitals and health systems.
What does AWP? Average wholesale price (AWP) + Professional dispensing fee = selling price for prescription.
What is gross profit? Net profit = Selling price - acquisition price - dispensing fee or Net profit= Gross profit - Dispensing fee
What is Vitamin E? Alpha-tocopherol-Nerve function, antioxidant
What is Vitamin K? Phylloquinone- Blood clotting
What are antioxidants? Substances that can prevent or slow damage of cells from unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to the environment.
Created by: imaliha2003
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