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Neck Vessels
CAS 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lingual artery is covered by which two muscles? | Digastric and stylohyoid muscles |
| What artery supplies the skull, thyroid and dura mater with blood? | External carotid artery |
| Posterosuperiorly, the internal carotid artery is separated from the external carotid artery (arteria carotis externa) by which two muscles? | Stylopharyngeus and styloglossus muscles |
| Which nerves supply the trapezius muscle? | Accessory nerve (CN XI) and cervical plexus |
| To conduct a phrenic nerve block, anesthetic is injected where it lies on the anterior surface of which muscle? | Scalenus anterior muscle |
| Around which blood vessels are the deep cervical lymph nodes mainly arranged? | Internal jugular vein |
| Which nerves can be found within the submandibular triangle? | Hypoglossal (CN XII) and mylohyoid nerves |
| Severance or injury to which nerve would cause paralysis of the diaphragm? | Phrenic nerve |
| The great auricular nerve arises from the ventral rami of which spinal nerves? | Spinal nerves C2 and C3 |
| Which structures can be reached during surgical dissection of the carotid triangle and thus can be easily injured while removing the tumor? | CN X, CN XII, common carotid artery, and internal jugular vein |
| From which part of the aorta do the lower nine posterior intercostal arteries arise? | Descending thoracic aorta |
| Which nerve is a branch from the loop between C2 and C3 of the cervical plexus? | Great auricular nerve |
| Which nerve innervates the skin of the anterior neck? | Transverse cervical nerve |
| Visible distention of which vein on the neck occurs when blood is unable to enter the heart as quickly as normally and will be “backed up”, which increases the overall returning pressure? | External jugular vein |
| Through the transverse foramen of which vertebra does the vertebral artery usually pass after arising from the subclavian artery? | Vertebra C6 |
| The facial artery winds around the inferior border of which bone, and ascends along the side of the nose? | Mandible |
| An injury of which structures within the carotid triangle can cause a unilateral vocal cord paralysis, chronic cough and difficulty swallowing? | Recurrent laryngeal nerve and vagus nerve |
| Which branch of the external carotid artery supplies structures such as the ear drum, masseter muscle, and the teeth? | Maxillary artery |
| The cervical plexus is found deep to which muscle? | Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| Which vein does the deep facial vein communicate with? | Facial vein |
| Which branch of the external carotid artery gives branches to the tonsils, palate and submandibular glands? | Facial artery |
| The great auricular nerve’s functional role is to supply sensory innervation on the skin over the outer ear, parotid gland and which other region? | Mastoid process of temporal bone |
| Which muscle of the neck would provide the best landmark to approach the internal jugular vein? | Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| Name 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery. | Maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery |
| A woman undergoes surgery on her thyroid gland. During the operation, the nerve accompanying the superior thyroid artery is damaged. The function of which of the following muscles will be affected by this? | Cricothyroid muscle |
| Name 2 motor branches of the cervical plexus. | Ansa cervicalis and phrenic nerve |
| Which branch of the cervical plexus supplies the skin of the neck and the scalp, posterosuperior to the clavicle? | Lesser occipital nerve |
| The cervical plexus lies anterolateral to which muscles? | Levator scapulae muscle and scalenus medius muscle |
| Along with the inferior laryngeal artery, which other structure passes in the gap inferior to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle? | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| Which cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus innervates the skin of the auricle as well as the skin over the parotid gland and mastoid process? | Great auricular nerve |
| The first branch of the external carotid artery supplies which gland? | Thyroid gland |
| What are the sensory cutaneous nerves from the loop between C3 and C4 of the cervical plexus (plexus cervicalis)? | Supraclavicular nerves |
| Which nerve is formed by fibers from both the cervical plexus and brachial plexus? | Phrenic nerve |
| The skin of the superolateral thoracic wall is innervated by cutaneous branches of which plexus? | Cervical plexus |
| Name 4 branches of the external carotid artery that can be seen in the carotid triangle. | Lingual, facial, superior thyroid, and occipital artery |
| The lesser occipital nerve arises from the ventral rami of which spinal nerves? | Spinal nerves C2 and C3 |
| What structure lies outside the carotid sheath? | External carotid artery |
| Which muscles cross the external carotid artery? | Stylohyoid and digastric muscles |
| In a cervical plexus nerve block, an anesthetic is injected at various points along the posterior border of which neck muscle? | Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| Which arteries can be found within the submandibular triangle? | Facial and lingual arteries |
| Which artery arises from the aortic arch on the left and from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side? | Common carotid artery |
| What branch of the cervical plexus provides cutaneous sensation to the scalp? | Lesser occipital nerve |
| A central venous catheter (CVC) is about to be placed in the internal jugular vein (vena jugularis interna) of a 36-year-old man. Which muscle keeps the lumen of this vein open? | Omohyoid muscle |
| Which nerve is often deliberately sacrificed during a complete cervical lymph node resection? | Ansa cervicalis |
| Which branch of the cervical plexus is responsible for supplying the skin overlying the parotid gland? | Great auricular nerve |
| What sensory cutaneous nerves originate from the loops formed between C2 and C3? | Great auricular, transverse cervical, and lesser occipital nerves |
| Which cranial nerve crosses the external carotid artery before it branches to give off its terminal branches? | Hypoglossal nerve |
| The common carotid artery bifurcates at the level of the upper border of which structure? | Thyroid cartilage |
| What artery is a branch of the facial artery? | Submental artery |
| Which artery supplies the interior of the skull? | Internal carotid artery |
| The superior thyroid artery supplies the infrahyoid muscles and which other muscle? | Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| Which two muscles cover the external carotid artery anteriorly? | Platysma and sternocleidomastoid muscles |
| Trauma in the region of the cervical spine can damage the ansa cervicalis. Which muscles can be partially or fully paralyzed as a result of this lesion? | Omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles |
| Which vein drains directly into the brachiocephalic vein? | Vertebral vein |
| The lingual artery is covered by which cranial nerve? | Hypoglossal nerve |
| What is the largest artery in the neck? | Common carotid artery |
| Which visceral structures can be found within the submandibular triangle? | Submandibular lymph nodes and submandibular gland |
| Which artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk and supplies the thyroid gland? | Inferior thyroid artery |
| Which artery is the recommended site to assess the central pulse in adults? | Common carotid artery |
| The superficial temporal artery is the final branch of which artery? | External carotid artery |
| Which structures surround the medial border of the external carotid artery? | Superior laryngeal nerve, nasopharynx, and greater horn of hyoid bone |
| The ventral rami of cervical nerves C1-C5 form which plexus? | Cervical plexus |
| Which two veins form the external jugular vein? | Retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein |
| Interventions at the cervical region, such as carotid endarterectomy may most likely result in a paresis and atrophy of which of the following muscles? | Trapezius muscle |
| Which artery arises above the ascending pharyngeal artery, and passes diagonally up from underneath the stylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle? | Facial artery |
| Which artery enters the transverse foramina at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra and travels upwards? | Vertebral artery |
| Which artery is the largest cervical branch of the facial artery, given off just prior to entering the submandibular gland? | Submental artery |
| Which collection of nerves is a product of the union between the anterior rami of the lower four cervical spinal nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic spinal nerve (T1)? | Brachial plexus |
| Beneath which muscle does the carotid sheath lie at the level of the oropharynx? | Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| The posterior scalp, the lower border of the mandible and the neck are innervated by which nerve plexus? | Cervical plexus |
| The submental artery runs forward upon the mylohyoid muscle, below the mandible and beneath which muscle? | Digastric muscle |
| What is a branch of the internal carotid artery? | Ophthalmic artery |
| Which artery supplies the exterior of the skull? | External carotid artery |
| Which branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) turns back under the aortic arch and follows the trachea to the larynx and innervates it? | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| The superior thyroid, lingual and ascending pharyngeal arteries are branches of which artery? | External carotid artery |
| Which artery arises from the inferior thyroid artery or, as a variation, directly from the thyrocervical trunk? | Ascending cervical artery |
| What artery gives rise to the superficial temporal artery? | External carotid artery |
| Which nerve innervates almost all the muscles of the larynx? | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| Which artery supplies both the exterior and the interior of the skull? | Common carotid artery |
| Which vein does the external palatine vein drain into? | Facial vein |
| Which lymph nodes are responsible for the lymphatic drainage of the pharynx? | Deep cervical lymph nodes |
| The common carotid artery runs within the carotid sheath, which is found deep to which muscle? | Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| Which vein drains blood into the superior thyroid vein? | Superior laryngeal vein |
| Trauma of which neck structure can result in paresis (partial paralysis) of the infrahyoid muscles? | Ansa cervicalis |
| Which artery gives rise to the facial artery? | External carotid artery |
| Clinically, which vein can be used to make a fairly accurate indication of right atrial pressure? | Internal jugular vein |
| The sensory cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge from around the posterior border of which muscle to create the nerve point of the neck? | Sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| Which veins drain into the internal jugular vein and are also visible in the carotid triangle? | Occipital, facial, and superior thyroid veins |
| A radiologist notices an artery which branches off the external carotid artery and curves caudoventrally towards the tongue. Which artery did she most likely see? | Lingual artery |
| Which nerve decreases the heart rate? | Vagus nerve |
| Which nerve can be damaged in the interventions at the cervical region, such as lymph node biopsy or neck dissection? | Accessory nerve |
| Along with the temporal and internal maxillary veins, which other vein crosses the external carotid artery? | Superior thyroid vein |
| Posterosuperiorly, the internal carotid artery is separated from the external carotid artery by which two cranial nerves? | CN IX and CN X |
| Which major blood vessel is categorized into seven segments including a petrous segment and a clinoid segment? | Internal carotid artery |
| What structure is contained in the suboccipital triangle? | Vertebral artery |
| On top of which muscle does the submental artery travel? | Mylohyoid muscle |
| Which two veins join to form the common facial vein? | Retromandibular vein and facial vein |
| Which branch of the external carotid artery supplies the posterior region of the scalp and creates a groove along the base of the skull as it courses? | Occipital artery |
| Which sensory nerves belong to the cervical plexus? | Great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical nerve, and supraclavicular nerves |
Created by:
jofreayala
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