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Anatomy 4
Urinary and Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: | ureter |
| The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg. | zero |
| Normal functions of kidneys. | Synthesize prostaglandins, produce hormones, and regulate blood electrolytes. |
| How does kidneys help regulate blood sugar? | It doesn't. This is not a function of kidneys. |
| The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped. | bean. |
| The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: | renal pelvis |
| In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: | afferent arteriole |
| the portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially impermeable to water is the | ascending nephron loop, also called the ascending loop of Henle |
| Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? | renal pelvis |
| A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: | nephron loop (or loop of Henle) |
| Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart, approximately ____ goes through the kidneys. | 1/5 (1200 ml/min) |
| A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to: | decrease |
| The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: | creatinine |
| Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules? potassium, hydrogen, ammonium, sodium | sodium |
| What are the functions of the urinary bladder? | serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body and expel urine from the body with the help of the urethra. (The bladder does not have anything to do with concentration of urine). |
| How many openings are there in the urinary bladder? | Three |
| Where are the kidneys located? | Next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3. Kidneys are retroperitoneal |
| What protects the kidneys? | A heavy layer of fat |
| Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute? | 1200 ml |
| Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular (Bowman) capsule by the process of: | filtration |
| Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the: | movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood |
| Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron? | Proximal tubule |
| The mechanism for voiding begins with: | relaxation of the internal sphincter |
| Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose? | 300 mg/100 ml |
| One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is: | part of two different body systems |
| What are accessory organs of the urinary system? | Ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra |
| Which hormones tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? | Aldosterone and ADH |
| The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the: | collecting tube |
| ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the: | distal tubule |
| Urine formation involves: | filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. (NOT catabolism.) |
| Which hormone tends to INCREASE the amount of urine produced? | ANH (ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE) |
| What are parts of the glomerular-capsular membrane? | Visceral layer of the glomerular capsule, glomerular endothelium, and basement membrane. (Parietal layer is not part of the membrane). |
| The layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body. | parietal peritoneum |
| The fundus of the uterus is located where? | area above where the tubes enter |
| The greater vestibular glands are also called _____ glands. | Bartholin |
| The tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the: | uterine tubes, oviducts, and fallopian tubes |
| All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the reproductive system in the male except: (testes, epididymides, urethra, seminal vesicles | testes |
| In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction. | testes |
| The urethral orifice is _____ to the vagina opening. | anterior |
| What hormone causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts, making it accessible for the infant? | Oxytocin |
| The hormone that causes the alveoli of the mammary glands to secrete milk is | prolactin |
| What is the name of the female erectile tissue that is homologous to the penis? | Clitoris |
| The structure between the uterus and the vagina. | cervix |
| Glands in females that are a pair of bean-shaped glands on each side of the vaginal orifice between the hymen and labium, and are homologous of the bulbourethral glands in males. | Bartholin glands |
| What are accessory sex organs of the female reproductive system? | vagina, fallopian tube, and mammary glands |
| Are the ovaries accessory glands of the female reproductive system? | No, these are essential organs |
| Function of the efferent ductules. | Drain the rete testes. (They do not protect testis, are not part of the tunica albuginea.) |
| The process of egg formation. | oogenesis |
| What is the site of sperm maturation and storage? | Epidydimis which is located in the scrotum and surrounds the testes |
| The tightly coiled tube of the epididymis measures: | 20 feet |
| What are the supporting structures of the male reproductive system? | penis, scrotum, and pair of spermatic cords (Not the prostate). |
| Is the prostate a supporting structure? | No. It is also not essential for life |
| What does LH (luteinizing hormone) do in the male? | stimulates the interstitial cells to increase their secretion of testosterone |
| Which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur? | LH |
| Mechanical support and protection for developing germ cells in the testis are provided by: | Sertoli cells |
| Where does fertilization most often occur? | fallopian tube |
| Finger-like projections on the outer end of the fallopian tubes that help move the ovum toward the uterus | fimbrae |
| The fundus is located: | at the anterior portion of the cervix, if looking at a lateral view it is at the top. |
| What are the ducts of the male reproductive system? | vas deferens, urethra, epididymis (Not the inguinal canal) |
| The uterus is suspended between 2 folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are: | Broad |
| The supporting structures of the male reproductive system are: | penis, spermatic cords, and scrotum |
| Essential organ of the male reproductive system. | testes |
| Accessory organs of the male reproductive system. | Genital ducts - epididymides, vasa deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. |
| Accessory glands of the male reproductive system. | seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands |
| The ductus (vans) deferens | travels within the spermatic cord At it's distal end it widens into the ampulla before joining the duct of the seminal gland to for the ejaculatory duct. |
| The dense, white, fibrous capsule that encases each testis. | tunica albuginea |
| The final stage in the process of the ovarian follicle development. | corpus albicans |
| Stages of follicular development. | Primordial Follicle - primary oocyte + 1 layer follicle cells, Primary Follicle, Secondary Follicle, Graafian Follicle, Corpus Luteum, Corpus Albicans |
| After ovulation, follicular cells remaining in the ovary become a __________. | corpus luteum |
| If fertilization occurs, then __________ maintains the ovarian structure, the corpus luteum, through the first trimester of pregnancy. | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| To be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called: | capacitation |
| Is the vagina a passageway for urine? | No. |
| The vagina is a receptacle for ___ from the male. | seminal fluid |
| The vagina acts as an _____ for uterine secretions. | excretory duct |
| Functions of testosterone: | promotes development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics, accessory organs, and adult male sexual behavior, stimulates protein anabolism, stimulates reabsorption of sodium and water by kidney tubules, inhibits FSH and LH (through negative feedback). |
| How does testosterone promote bones? |
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TamraArm
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