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Science 2a
Land Forms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Table (butte, potrero, tepui) | A table or tableland is a butte, flank of a mountain, or mountain, that has a flat top. |
| Hill | A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit. |
| Mountain | A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. |
| Mountain Range | A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and connected by high ground. |
| Plateau | A plateau, or tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain, that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. |
| Ridge | A ridge or a mountain ridge is a geographical feature consisting of a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest for some distance. |
| Valley | A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. |
| Ice Sheet | In glaciology, an ice sheet, also known as a continental glacier,[1] is a mass of glacial ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi). |
| Plain | In geography, a plain is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or on the doorsteps of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. |
| Tundra | In physical geography, tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. |
| Steppe | In physical geography, a steppe is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes. |
| Alluvial Fan | An alluvial fan is an accumulation of sediments shaped like a section of a shallow cone,[1] with its apex at a point source of sediments, such as a narrow canyon emerging from an escarpment. |
| Beach | A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. |
| Canyon | A canyon (Spanish: cañón; archaic British English spelling: cañon)[1] or gorge is a deep cleft between escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosive activity of a river over geologic time scales. |
| Cave | A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. |
| Channel (land) | In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait. |
| Cliff | In geography and geology, a cliff is a vertical, or nearly vertical, rock exposure. |
| Floodplain | A floodplain or flood plain or flood-plain is an area of land adjacent to a river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge. |
| Lake | A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. |
| Levee | A levee (/ˈlɛvi/),[1][2] dike, dyke, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall that regulates water levels. |
| Meander | A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse. |
| Oasis | In geography, an oasis (/oʊˈeɪsɪs/, plural oases, /oʊˈeɪsiːz/) is a fertile area (often having a date palm grove) in a desert or semi-desert environment.[1] |
| Pond | A pond is an area filled with water, either natural or artificial, that is smaller than a lake. |
| Rapids | Rapids are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence. |
| River | A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. |
| River Delta | A river delta is a landform created by deposition of sediment that is carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water. |
| River Mouth | A river mouth is the part of a river where the river debouches into another river, a lake, a reservoir, a sea, or an ocean. |
| Strait | A strait is a naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water. Most commonly it is a channel of water that lies between two land masses. |
| Swamp | A swamp is a forested wetland. |
| Waterfall | A waterfall is an area where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops in the course of a stream or river. |
| Arete | An arête is a narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys. It is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. |
| Cirque | A cirque (French: [siʁk]; from the Latin word circus) is an amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion. |
| Esker | An esker, eskar, eschar, or os, sometimes called an asar, osar, or serpent kame,[1][2] is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. |
| Fjord | In geology, a fjord or fiord (alternatively fyord) (/ˈfjɔːrd, fiˈɔːrd/ (About this soundlisten))[1] is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. |
| Glacier | A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. |
| Ice Field | An ice field (also spelled icefield) is a large area of interconnected glaciers, usually found in a mountainous region.[1] |
| Tunnel Valley | A tunnel valley is a U-shaped valley originally cut under the glacial ice near the margin of continental ice sheets such as that now covering Antarctica and formerly covering portions of all continents during past glacial ages. |
| Atoll | An atoll ( /ˈætɒl, ˈætɔːl, ˈætoʊl, əˈtɒl, əˈtɔːl, əˈtoʊl/),[1][2] sometimes known as a coral atoll, is a ring-shaped coral reef, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. |
| Bay | A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay. |
| Cape | In geography, a cape is a headland or a promontory of large size extending into a body of water, usually the sea. |
| Channel | In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait. |
| Coast | The coast, also known as the coastline or seashore, is defined as the area where land meets the sea or ocean,[1] or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. |
| Continental Shelf | A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea. |
| Coral Reef | A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. |
| Estuary | An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. |
| High Island | Geologically, a high island or volcanic island is an island of volcanic origin. |
| Island | An island or isle is any piece of subcontinental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. |
| Isthmus | An isthmus plural: isthmuses or isthmi; from Ancient Greek: ἰσθμός, romanized: isthmós, lit. 'neck')[2] is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. |
| Lagoon | A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by reefs, barrier islands, or a barrier peninsula. |
| Mid-ocean Ridge | A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics. |
| Oceanic Trench | Oceanic trenches are topographic depressions of the seafloor, relatively narrow in width, but very long. |
| Peninsula | A peninsula (Latin: paeninsula from paene "almost" and insula "island") is a landform surrounded by water on most of its border while being connected to a mainland from which it extends. |
| Seamount | A seamount is a large geologic landform that rises from the ocean floor but that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island, islet or cliff-rock. |
| Caldera | A caldera is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. |
| Crater Lake | A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed from explosive activity or collapse during a volcanic eruption. |
| Geyser | A geyser is a spring characterized by an intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam. |
| Mid-ocean ridge | A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics. |
| Lava Dome | In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. |
| Lava Field | A lava field, also called a lava plain or lava bed, is a large expanse of nearly flat-lying lava flows. |
| Lava Plateau | Lava plateaus are formed by highly fluid basaltic lava during numerous successive eruptions through numerous vents without violent explosions (quiet eruptions). |
| Submarine Volcano (guyot) | Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt. |
| Volcanic crater | A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. |
| Volcanic plug | A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. |
| Volcano | A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. |
| Wall Rock | Wall rock is the rock that constitutes the wall of an area undergoing geologic activity. Examples are the rock along the neck of a volcano or other location. |
| Desert | A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. |
| Dry Lake | A dry lake, also known as a playa, is either a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappeared when evaporation processes exceeded recharge. |
| Dune | A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. |
| Sand Hill | A sandhill is a type of ecological community or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem. It is not the same as a sand dune. |
| Tundra | In physical geography, tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. |
| Canal (artificial) | Canals are waterways channels, or artificial waterways, for water conveyance, or to service water transport vehicles. |
| Dam (artificial) | A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. |
| Ditch (artificial) | A ditch is a small to moderate divot created to channel water. |
| Land reclamation (artificial) | Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. |
| Levee (artificial) | A levee dike, dyke, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall that regulates water levels. |
| Polder (artificial) | A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. |
| Quarry (artificial) | A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground. |
| Réservoir (artificial) | A reservoir is, most commonly, an enlarged natural or artificial lake, pond, or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water. |
| Mesa | A mesa is an isolated, flat-topped elevation, ridge or hill, which is bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and stands distinctly above a surrounding plain. |
| Escarpment | An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations. |
| Crag (climbing) | A small area with climbing routes, often just a small cliff face or a few boulders. |
| Wetland | A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. |
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carolynpkelley
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