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Nursing 210 test 2
Nursing 210 test 2 Pounders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diverticulosis | more common in western society. muscle tone of intestinal wall is weakened & any pressure exerted within colon results in saclike outpouchings. common in sigmoid. inflammation is caused by trapped bacteria & fecal matter. |
| s & s of diverticulosis | left lower quad cramping relieved by flatus or bm |
| oral cholecystogram | use of radiopaque dye & xrays to visualize gallbladder. used to assess gallbladder’s ability to concentrate & store bile & to assess patency of bile ducts |
| Oral cholecystogram | use of radiopaque dye and xrays to visualize gallbladder. Used to assess gallbladder's ability to concentrate and store bile and to assess patency of bile ducts. |
| fissure | linear crack in skin. May extend to dermis. Chapped lips or hands. Athlete's foot. |
| upper GI series | pt ingest barium swallow fluoroscopic exam as contrast medium passes through upper GI, enables examiner to detect or exclude anatomic or final derangement of organs or sphincters. Aids in diagnosis of ulcers and varices. NPO 8 hrs. |
| GERD risk factors | obesity, pregnancy, high fat diet, hiatal hernia, excessive caffeine intake, gastroparesis r/t diabetic neuropathy, increased stress, overeating |
| pediculosis capitis | infestation of scalp by head lice. female lays eggs(nits) close to scalp. Young lice hatch in 10 days and reach maturity in two weeks. Eggs visible to naked eye: silvery, glistening, intense itching may lead to secondary infection. Treatment: Kwell x 2 |
| macule | less than 1cm, circumscribed border, flat, nonpalpable skin color chane. Ex. freckles, flat moles, petechia, rubella, vitiligo. |
| patch | greater than 1 cm may have irregular border. Flat nonpalpable skin color change. Ex. Port wine stain, ecchymosis |
| papule | less than 0.5 cm elevated, palpable, solid mass, circuscribed border, ex. elevated nevi, warts, lichen, planus |
| plaque | elevated palpable solid mass. circumscribed border. May be coalesced papules with flat top. Ex. psoriasis, actinic keratosis. |
| nodule | 0.5-2 cm elevated, palpable solid mass, deeper than papule. nodules circumscribed ex. lipoma, squamous cell carcinoma |
| tumor | greater than 1-2 cm elevated, palpable solid mass, deeper than palpule. Don't always have sharp borders. ex. larger lipoma, carcinoma |
| vesicle | less than 0.5 cm circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid. Ex. herpes, simplex or zoster, chicken pos, poison Ivy, second degree burn blister |
| bulla | greater than 0.5 cm circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid. ex. pemhigus, contact dermatitis, large burn blisters, poison ivy, bullous impetigo |
| antrectomy | removal of lower portion of antrum of stomach (which contains cells that secrete gastrin) as well as a small portion of the duodenum and pylorus. Can be anastomosed to duodenum (billroth 1) or jejunum (billroth 2) also called gastroduodenostomy |
| wheal | elevated mass with transient borders (border changes) often irrecular, usually itches, caused by movement of serous fluid into dermis. Doesn't contain free fluid like vesicle. Ex. urticaria (hives) insect bites |
| medical management of impetigo | system abx, topical abx |
| pustule | pus-filled vesicle or bulla ex. acne, impetigo, furuncles, cabuncles |
| impetigo | superficial infection of skin caused by multiple bacteria. Large fluid flled blisters. Often appears secondary to lice, scabies, herpes, simplex, ect. lesions around mouth and nosebecome vesicles that rupture with yellow crust. |
| management of gastritis | for acute cases, stop taking solids, treat h. pylori with abx (flagyl) and bismuth, take proton pump inhibitor. |
| pediculosis corporis | body lice this is a disease of unwashed people or those who live in close quarters and don't change clothes, bites look like minute hemorrhagic points. Itching, reddish-brown dust |
| liver: ammonia conversion | use of amino acids from protein for gluconeogenesis results in formation of ammonia as a byproduct. Liver converts this to urea. excreted in urines as BUN |
| pediculosis pubis | extremely common. infestation is generally localized in genital region. Transmitted by sexual contact, manifest: itching, and reddish brown dust. treatment: Kwell X 3 |
| liver: protein metabolism | liver synthesizes almost all plasma proteins (except gamma globulins or antibodies) including albumin and blood clotting factors. Vitamin K is required by liver for synthesis of clotting factors |
| cyst | encapsulated fluid filled or semi-solid mass ex. sebaceous cyst. |
| ausculating bowel sounds | should hear 5-30 sounds per minute. if increased sound in 1 quad and decreased in all others, could be sign of beginning of obstruction |
| large intestine | no digestion. absorbs water and electrolytes syntesis of vitamin K |
| lower esophageal sphincter | also known as cardiac sphincter. located where esophagus meets with stomach. |
| instrinsic factor | produced in stomach promotes absorbtion of B12 |
| tinea unguium | ringworm of nails, particularly toenails. Hardest to get rid of. Nails become thickened friable (easily crumble) lusterless |
| tinea Cruris | ringworm of the groin, jock itch, young joggers, diabetics, and obese people are prone to get this. For management give: miconazole |
| Tinea Capitis | ringworm of scalp. Common in children. One or several round red scaling patches. Hair is brittle in affected areas. |
| Tinea Corporis | ringworm appears on face, neck, trunk and extremites. Not on soles of feet or palms. Treat with topical antifungal. |
| portal vein | formed in abdominal viscera, takes blood to liver from stomach, spleen, pancreas, and intestines |
| cystic duct | secretory duct of gallbladder. It unites with the hepatic duct from the liver to form the common bile duct |
| hepatic duct | duct that receives bile from the right of left lobe of liver and carries it to common bile duct |
| Tinea Pedis | athlete's foot. Most common fungal infection Itching treat with topical antifungals such as miconazole |
| Different GI diets | Liver: low protein, Hi Carb. Low Sodium. ULCERATIVE COLITIS: low residue, hi calorie, Hi protein. CROHNS Low residue Hi calorie, Hi protein, IBS: 20 g fiber, low fat, no gas forming foods. DUMPING SYNDROME Low Carb, High fluid b/t meals, eat small meals |
| S&S of Crohns | abdominal pain or cramping in RLQ, diarrhea, nutritional deficiencies, fatigue, weight loss, borborygmus fever, dehydration. |
| borborygmus | gurgling, splashing sound normally heard over large intestine. caused by passage of gas through liquid . Symptoms of crohns |
| manifestation of ulcerative colitis | abdominal tenderness and cramping. Bloody purulent, mucoid stool. in severe cases 15-20 x day. tenesmus, anorexia, fatigue d/t anemia, fever, dehydration. |
| gastric ulcers | caused by delayed gastric emptying . Normal amount of acid secretion. Caused by h. pylori symptoms: epigastric pain during or after eating. Ingestion of food doesn't help, weightloss, vomiting |
| duodenal ulcers | 90 % of ulcers. Due to increased acid secretionscaused by h pylori: symptoms burning pain 2-3 hrs after eating or during the night when stomach is empty . Pain is relieved by eating . May cause weight gain. melena No vomiting. |
| Steven-Johnson Syndrome | Toxid epidermal necrolysis. mortality rate 30% usually triggered by reaction to medication (abx, anticonvulsants, butazones, aspirin) large flaccid bullae develop in some areas. Sheets of epidermis shed. DC NONESSENTIAL MEDS IMMEDIATELY |
| exfoliative dermatitis | progressive inflammation in which erythema and scaling |
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