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CP3H

GCSE Combined Science Physics

QuestionAnswer
1The energy stored in food, fuel and batteries Chemical energy
2The energy stored in moving objects Kinetic energy
3The energy stored in hot objects Thermal energy
4The energy stored in stretched ,squashed or twisted objects Elastic potential energy
5The energy stored in objects above the ground Gravitational potential energy
6The energy stored inside atoms Nuclear energy
7 State the law of conservation of energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is simply changed from one form to another.
8. The unit of energy Joule
9 What do Sankey diagrams show? Shows the amount of energy transferred
10 How much heat is wasted in the Sankey diagram for the device shown below. 50J = 36J +Thermal Thermal = 50J – 36J Thermal = 14J
11 Describe the change in energy store when you climb up a diving board and jumps into a pool. Going up the climb GPE increases Diving GPE decreases and KE increases
1The energy stored in food, fuel and batteries Chemical energy
2The energy stored in moving objects Kinetic energy
3The energy stored in hot objects Thermal energy
4The energy stored in stretched ,squashed or twisted objects Elastic potential energy
5The energy stored in objects above the ground Gravitational potential energy
6The energy stored inside atoms Nuclear energy
7 State the law of conservation of energy Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is simply changed from one form to another.
8. The unit of energy Joule
9 What do Sankey diagrams show? Shows the amount of energy transferred
10 How much heat is wasted in the Sankey diagram for the device shown below. 50J = 36J +Thermal Thermal = 50J – 36J, Thermal = 14J
11 Describe the change in energy store when you climb up a diving board and jumps into a pool. Going up the climb GPE increases , Diving GPE decreases and KE increases
1 How is energy transferred during conduction? Vibrations passes between particles in a solid.
2 Materials that allow heat to pass through the easily are called Thermal conductors
3 Materials that do not allow heat to pass through the easily are called Thermal insulators
4 Which 2 states of matter does convection occurs in? Liquid and gas
5 Together what are these two states called Fluids
6 How is heat transferred by convection The warmer part of the fluid rises and the cooler part moves in to take its place, setting up a convection current
7 What property of infra-red radiation allows it to reach us here on Earth from the sun? Infrared radiation can pass through a vacuum
8 What surfaces are good absorber and emitters of infra-red radiation? Black ,dull, rough surfaces
9 What surfaces are poor absorber and emitters of infra-red radiation? Light, shiny polished surfaces
10 What is the Thermal conductivity of a material? A measure of how well materials conduct heat
11 What 3 things affect the rate of energy transfer thro ugh a material? Thickness of the material, Thermal conductivity of the material and temperature difference across the material.
12 How can heat loss through a material be reduced? Reduce the thermal conductivity, reduce the difference in temperature and Increase the thickness and
1 Energy associated with objects above the surface of the earth Gravitational Potential energy
2. The formula for calculating the amount of energy in number 1 E = mgΔh
3 What does each of the terms in the equation in number 2 stands for with their units. E is gravitational potential energy units J, m is mass units kg , g is gravitational field strength units N/kg and Δh is change in height units m
4 Calculate the Gravitational potential energy in a mass of 2kg raised 3m from the ground E = mgΔh E = 2kg x 10N/kg x 3m E= 60J
5 A 0.5kg box gains 80J of energy from being raised above the top of a table. How high above the table the box raised? E = mgΔh Δh = E/mg Δh = 80J/0.5kgx10N/kg Δh =16m
6. Energy associated with motion Kinetic energy
7 The formula for calculating the energy in number 6 E = 0.5mv2
8 What does each term in the equation in number 7 stands for with their units E is the kinetic energy m is the mass and v is the velocity
9 Calculate the kinetic energy in a body of mass 2kg travelling with a velocity of 15m/s. E = 0.5mv2 E = 0.5x 2kgx (15m/s)2 E = 225J
10 What is the mass of a bike travelling at 10m/s ,with 500J of energy E = 0.5mv2 m =2E/ v2 m= 2 x 500J/(10m/s)2, E = 10 kg
11. A 250g boulder is rolled and attains 12.5J of energy . At what speed is the bolder rolling? Change 250g to 0.25kg E = 0.5mv2 , V = 2 2E/m V = 10m/s
12. 5KJ of energy was supplied to raise a 200kg car into the air via a cable. How high was the car raised? E = mgΔh Δh = E/mg Δh = 5000J/200kgx 10N/kg Δh = 2.5m
1 What are non-renewable energy? Energy resources that will run out
2 Two main sources of non-renewable energy Fossil Fuels and Nuclear energy
3 What are fossil fuels? Energy from the remains of dead plants and animals buried under high pressure and temperature for millions of years
4 Three examples of fossil fuels Coal, oil and natural gas
5 Two example of nuclear fuel Uranium and Plutonium
6 The main gas released during the burning of fossil fuels Carbon dioxide
7 The gas released in number 5 is a type of Greenhouse gas
8. What is the main effect of the gas released in number 5 Contributes to global warming
9 Why are non-renewable fuels great energy resources They yield a large amount of energy from a small mass of the resource.
10 Two advantages of using nuclear fuel over fossil fuel. 1 No carbon dioxide is produced 2 releases much more energy per unit mass than fossil fuel.
11 Two disadvantages of using nuclear power station over fossil fuel power station. 1 Difficult to dispose of radioactive waste.2 Very expensive to decommission radioactive plant at the end of its life.
12 State two reasons why countries are trying to reduce the amount of non-renewable energy they use. 1 To protect the environment 2 conserve on the natural resources of the Earth.
1 What are renewable energy resources? Energy resources that will not run out
2 What is solar energy Energy from the sun
3 What are solar cells Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy.
4 How is hydroelectricity generated Falling water from places where it is trap in high reservoirs.
5 Two disadvantages of hydroelectric power stations 1 Available at all times2 Can stop and start very easily
6 How tidal power station works Turbines in a huge estuary across a river turns as the river runs in and out.
7 Two disadvantage of wind turbine 1 They spoil the landscape.2 Cannot generate electricity if the wind speed is too fast or too slow.
8 What is bio fuel made from Animal waste and dead plants
9 Why are some Bio fuel carbon neutral They release the same amount of Carbon Dioxide when burnt as they remove from the air during photosynthesis.
10 name 2 renewable resources that are dependent on weather. 1 Solar Energy2 Wind Turbine
11 Name 2 renewable resources that are available at all times. 1 Hydroelectricity2 Bio fuel
12 Name 2 renewable resources that are only available at predicted times. 1 Hydroelectricity 2 Solar Energy
What is the law of conservation of energy? Energy cannot be created and destroyed but only transferred from one store to another.
What are the units of work done? joules
What is the equation for calculating efficiency from energy? Efficiency = useful energy output/total energy input
What is the equation for calculating efficiency from power? Efficiency = useful power output/useful power input
What is the type of energy transferred when a force moves through a distance? Mechanical transfer
Mechanical transfer is…? The energy transfer when a force moves through a distance
Electrical transfer is…? energy transferred when a charge moves?
What is the energy transferred when a charge moves? electrical transfer
What is the energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation? Radiation transfer
Radiation transfer is…? The energy transferred by electromagnetic radiation.
Heat transfer is…? Energy transferred when an object is heated.
When an object is heated the energy transferr is a…? heat transfer
List the 4 energy transfer pathways. Mechanical, electrical, radiation and heat.
List 4 energy stores. Four from: chemical, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, internal, nuclear, magnetic, electrostatic.
Energy stored in objects which move. kinetic
What is a kinetic energy store Energy stored in objects which move
Chemical energy is stored as…? chemicals waiting to react
A battery is a store of __________ energy. chemical
Food is a store of __________ energy. chemical
A moving object is a store of ____________ energy kinetic
What is a gravitational potential store? energy storred in objects raised up against the force of gravity.
A rock at the top of a hill is a store of ___________ energy. gravitational potential
What is an elastic potential store? Energy stored in an object which has been stretched or compressed.
A compressed spring is a store of ___________ energy elastic potential
An inflated balloon is a store of __________ energy elastic potential
The internal energy store is… energy stored in the movement of particles.
The internal energy store of an object can be changed by…? heating or cooling
Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms is in the __________ store. nuclear
What is a nuclear energy store? Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms that can fuse or split.
What is the name of the process in which the nuclei of atoms fuse together? fusion
What is the name of the process in which the nucleus of an atom splits? fisssion
What is the magnetic energy store? Energy stored in magnets that are attracting or repelling
What is the electrostatic energy store? Energy stored n electric charges that are attracting or repelling
Name two non-renewable energy resources Fossil fuels, nuclear fuel
What are some advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource? reliable, cheap
What is a reliable energy source one which can produce energy all the time.
What are some disadvantages of fossil fuels? carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) produced leading to global warming. Can produce sulphur dioxide causing acid rain.
What are some advantages of nuclear fuel? No carbon dioxide produced, reliable.
What are some disadvantages of nuclear fuel? nuclear waste remains radioactive for thousands of years. Expensive to build and decommission
List 4 renewable energy resources. Any 4 from: biofuel, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, tidal, wave, solar.
What are some advantages of biofuels? carbon neutral, reliable
What are some disadvantages of biofuels? production of fuel can damage ecosystems and reduce variety of crops grown
What are some advantages of wind power? No carbon dioxide produced
What are some disadvantages of wind power? unreliable, expensive to construct
What are some advantages of hydroelectricity? No carbon dioxide produced
What are some disadvantages of hydroelectricty? blocks rivers preventing fish migration, unreliable (may not produce electricity during droughts)
What are some advantages of geothermal energy? doesn't damage ecosystems, reliable.
What are some disadvantages of geothermal energy? fluids drawn from ground may contain greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane.These contribute to global warming
What are some advantages of tidal energy? No carbon dioxide produced.
What are some disadvantages of tidal energy? unreliable - tides vary, may damage tidal ecosystem
What are some advantages of wave power? No carbon dioxide produced
What are some disadvantages of wave power? unreliable - may not produce electricity when calm seas
What are some advantages of solar power? No carbon dioxide produced
What are some disadvantages of solar power? unreliable - no electricity produced at night and limited on cloudy days. Expensive to construct.
What term is used to describe energy becoming spread out or transferred to a "wasted" store? dissipation
What term is used to describe a method for reducing unwanted energy transfers by reducing friction? lubrication
What is a thermal insulator? A non-conductive material which reduces thermal energy transfers.
What is the name for a method of reducing energy transfers by the use of non-conductive materials? insulation
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