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anatomy/physiology
Chapter1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is anatomy? | study of the internal/external body structure |
| what is pathological anatomy? | study of structural changes caused by disease |
| what is systemic physiology | study of structures that make up a discreate body system |
| what is physiology? | study of chemistry/physics of the structure (function of structure) |
| what is surface anatomy? | study of integral structures as they relate to the overlying skin |
| what is regional anatomy? | study of interrelationships of all structures in a specific region |
| what is embryology? | study of developmental changes off the body before birth |
| what is cytology? | study of cells |
| what is histology? | study of tissues |
| what are the 6 levels of organization of the matter? smallest to largest | chemical level cellular level tissue level organ level organ system level organismal level |
| what are the 11 organ systems? | integumentary skeletal muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic respiratory digestive urinary reproductive-male/female |
| what's an organ of the integumentary system and it function? hint: outside of body | skin-protect, regulate temp |
| what's an organ of the skeletal system and it function? | bones-supports the body |
| what's an organ of the nervous system and it function? | spinal cord-messenger from body to brain and brain to body (activates body responses) |
| what's an organ of the muscular system and it function? | skeletal muscles-enables movement |
| what's an organ of the endocrine system and it function? | thyroid-regulates bodily processes |
| what's an organ of the cardiovascular system and it function? | heart-delivers oxygen/nutrients to tissues through blood |
| what's an organ of the lymphatic system and it function? | spleen-filters your blood |
| what's an organ of the respiratory system and it function? | lungs-delivers oxygen to blood |
| what's an organ of the digestive system and it function? | stomach-processes food for use by the body |
| what's an organ of the urinary system and it function? | bladder-create urine for waste |
| what's an organ of the reproductive system and it function? | ovaries-produces egg cells |
| what is anatomical position and describe it... | a specific stance of the body. body is upright, feet shoulder with apart, toes forward upper libs are held out to each side, palms facing forward. |
| what is supine position and describe it.... | horizontally lying down position face and torso facing up arms tucked at sides |
| what is the prone position and describe it.... | horizontally lying down position face and torso in down position arms are either tucked at sides or above head in a 90* angle from shoulders |
| what's the 2 directional terms used to describe cephalic/cranial and caudal? | Cephalic/Cranial-towards the head end of the body Caudal-near the tail end of the body |
| what's the directional terms used to describe proximal and distal? | proximal-position in limb that is closest to body/armpit distal-position in limb that is further from body/armpit area |
| what's the 1 directional term used to describe anterior or ventral? | front of body |
| what's the 1 directional term used to describe posterior or dorsal? | back of body |
| what's the directional terms used to describe medial and lateral? | medial-middle of body lateral-side of body |
| what's the directional terms used to describe deep and superficial? | deep-further from surface superficial-closer to the surface (ex:skin) |
| what's the 2 directional terms used to describe dexter and sinister? | right-dexter left-sinister |
| what are the 2 largest body cavities and describe them... | ventral cavity (front of trunk) dorsal cavity ( back of trunk and head) are a fluid-filled space inside the body that hold and protect |
| what 2 subdivisions are in the thoracic cavity (fills the chest ) and what organs are contained within those 2 cavities? | pleural cavity-lungs pericardial cavity-heart |
| what 2 subdivisions are in the abdominal cavity (fills the lower half of the trunk) and what organs are contained within those 2 cavity? | abdominal cavity-digestive organs and kidneys pelvic cavity-reproductive organs excretion organs |
| what serous membrane covers the lungs? | pleura |
| what serous membrane covers the heart? | pericardium |
| what serous membrane covers the abdominal organs? | peritoneum |
| what and where is the mediastinum and what organs are contained within it? | mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity contains everything but the lungs in that region |
| what cavities are separated by the diaphragm? | abdominal and thoracic |
| what and where is the cephalic located? | cephalic is the head located in the posterior/back |
| what and where is the cranial located? | cranial is the skull located in the anterior/front |
| what and where is the frontal located? | frontal is the forehead located in the anterior/front |
| what and where is the orbital located? | orbital is the eye located in the anterior/front |
| what and where is the buccal located? | buccal is the cheek located in the anterior/front and is superficial/close to the surface |
| what and where is the otic located? | otic is the ear and is located in the anterior/front |
| what and where is the nasal located? | nasal is the nose and is located in the anterior/front |
| what and where is the oral located? | oral is the mouth and it is located in the anterior/front and is superior (higher than another part) to the chin |
| what and where is the facial located? | is the face and is located in the anterior/front |
| what and where is the mental located? | mental is the chin and it is located in the anterior/front and is inferior (lower than another part) to the mouth |
| what and where is the cervical located? | cervical is the neck and it is located in the anterior and posterior |
| what and where is the thoracic located? | thoracic is the chest located in the anterior/front-medial/middle of body |
| what and where is the mammary located? | mammary is the breast located in the anterior/front-medial/middle of body |
| what and where is the abdominal located? | abdominal is the abdomen located in the anterior/front-medial/middle of the body |
| what and where is the umbilical located? | umbilical is the navel located in the anterior/front- medial/middle of the body |
| what and where is the coxal located? | coxal is the hip located in the anterior/front-medial/middle of the body |
| what and where is the pelvic located? | pelvic is the pelvis located in the anterior |
| what and where is the femoral located? | femoral is the thigh located in the anterior/posterior and is inferior (lower than another part) of the chest |
| what and where is the patellar located? | patellar is the knee cap located in the anterior |
| what and where is the crural located? | crural is the leg located in the anterior and posterior |
| what and where is the tarsal located? | tarsal is the ankle located in the anterior |
| what and where is the pedal located? | pedal is the foot located in the anterior and is inferior/below to the hand |
| what and where is the digital located? | digital are the toes located in the anterior |
| what and where is the hallux located? | hallux is the great toe located in the anterior |
| what and where is the axillary located? | axillary is the armpit located in the anterior |
| what and where is the brachial located? | brachial is the arm located in the anterior/posterior-lateral (side of body) |
| what and where is the antebrachial located? | antebrachial is the forearm located in both the anterior/posterior-lateral (side of body) and is proximal (closes to the armpit/body |
| what and where is the antecubital located? | antecubital is the front of the elbow located in the anterior/lateral of the body |
| what and where is the carpal located? | carpal is the wrist located in anterior/lateral (side) of the body |
| what and where is the pollex located? | pollex is the thumb located in the anterior/lateral of the body |
| what and where is the palmar located? | palmar is the palm located in the anterior/lateral of the body |
| what and where is the phalangers located? | phalangers are the fingers located in the anterior/lateral/distal (furthest from armpit/body) |
| what and where is the acromial located? | acromial is the shoulders located in the posterior |
| what and where is the dorsal located? | dorsal is the back located in the posterior (back region) |
| what and where is the lumbar located? | lumbar is the loin located in the posterior |
| what and where is the sacral located? | sacral is the sacrum (bottom of vertebra connected to pelvis) |
| what and where is the gluteal located? | gluteal is the buttock located in the posterior |
| what and where is the olecranon located? | olecranon is the back of the elbow located in the posterior/lateral (side of body) proximal/closes to body/armpit |
| what and where is the manual located? | manual is the hand located in the posterior/lateral/distal (back/side/furthest from armpit) |
| what and where is the popliteus located? | back of the knee located in the posterior/inferior (lower than) the hip |
| what and where is the sural located? | sural is the calf located in the posterior of the body |
| what and where is the calcaneal located? | calcaneal is the heal of the foot located in the posterior of the body |
| what and where is the plantar located? | plantar is the sole of the foot located in the posterior of the body |
| what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? | divisions epigastric, umbilical, right lumbar, left lumbar, right iliac, left iliac, hypogastric, left hypochondriac and right hypochondriac |
| what are the 4 abdominal quadrants? | upper left, lower left upper right, lower right |
| what is a sagittal plane? hint: (|) | divides the body or organ vertically into right and left sides |
| what is a parasagittal plane? | divides the body unequally on left and right sides |
| what is a midsagittal plane? | vertical plane runs equally down the middle of the body |
| what is a transversal plane? | divides the body horizontally into upper/superior and lower/inferior portions |
| what is a frontal or coronal plane? | divides the body from the sides into front/anterior and back/posterior portions |
| what is positive feedback? give example | reaction that causes an increase in something ex: creating more contractions to get baby out instead of adjusting and living with it in your body. |
| whats a negative feedback mechanism? give example | reaction that causes a decrease in something. ex: body starts to get to hot it will do things to reverse the temp so you don't over heat |
| what is the integrating center that regulates body temperature? | hypothalamus- region of the forebrain which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, |
| what system direct long term responses to change? | intrinsic/auto-regulation |
| what system produces a more rapid response than the nervous system? | extrinsic regulation |
| what is hemostasis? | is the natural process that stops blood loss when an injury occurs |
| failure of homeostatic regulations leads to ? | a disease/disorder |
| what are the imagen techniques? | x-ray CT or CAT-computed tomography MRI-magnetic resonance imaging PET-positron emission tomography |
| what is pericarditis? | inflammation of the outer surface of the heart caused by the heart rubbing against the pericardium (sac that surrounds the heart) |
| what is pleurisy? | Inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity. (caused by flu) |
| what is peritonitis? | inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ. |
| what is thoracentesis? | removal of excess fluid w/needle from the pleural (space between lungs/chest wall) to help you breathe easier |
| what is ascites? | buildup of fluid in your belly, often due to severe liver disease. |
| what is mediastinitis? | swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the chest area between the lungs |
Created by:
jteaner
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