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Federalism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sovereignty | Power; (nations/states have the ability to “get things done”) |
| Articles of Confederation (AOC) | -had 1 legislative body (unicameral) -need 9 of 13 votes to pass ANYTHING; needed UNANIMOUS voting to amend/change anything -major flaws: no executive power to enforce own laws = WEAK CENTRAL GOV’T |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | created 640-acre towns; sold @ $1 per acre; 1 section per town reserved for public education & gov’t buildings (essentially: public land sold to private citizens) *created under AOC* |
| Northwest Ordinance (1787) | sets up 5 states: Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana 5,000 people can make up a territory free male inhabitants of full age 60,000 people can create a state free male inhabitants of full age no slavery in this area |
| Depression | severe economic downturn in the economy |
| Deflation | (when there is) more goods than $ in the economy |
| Inflation | (when there is) more $ in the economy than goods |
| Shays’ Rebellion (1786) | Mass. farmer (and former Rev. War vet.) Daniel Shays (and followers) revolt over high taxes, imprisonment over debt, and lack of paper $ |
| Mount Vernon Conference (1785) | G. Wash held conference at his home (Mt. Vernon) 4 states show (VA, PA, MD, DE); (they discuss interstate trade) agree that the AOC problems are significant enough to have another convention .. |
| Annapolis Convention (M.D.; 1786) | 5 of 13 states attend (NJ, NY, PA, MD, VA) a) sets up trade agreements b) calls for a new convention (in Philly) – urged by Hamilton; Madison |
| Constitutional Convention (Philly; 1787) | meeting to amend (change) the AOC; Attended by 12 of the 13 states (55 white male delegates; no R.I.) -G. Wash unanimously elected chairperson -17 weeks later = draft is ready; need 9 out of 13 to ratify (June 1788) |
| James Madison | (VA) Creator of the Virginia Plan & “Father of the Constitution” |
| Virginia Plan | -bicameral legislature (2-house) based on proportional representation (population) -3 branches of gov’t -chief executive (present day: president) -includes national sovereignty -Legislative branch (Congress) is the most powerful of the 3 |
| Bicameral | 2-house system (w/ in Congress: Senate & House of Representatives) |
| Proportional Representation | idea that the more people you have in a state, the more representation you deserve (present day: House of Representations) |
| William Paterson | (NJ) creator of the NJ Plan and champion of small states’ rights |
| NJ Plan | plan that wants -unicameral legislature (1-house) based on equal representation -3 branches of gov’t -chief executive |
| Equal Representation | 1 state = 1 vote (similar to today’s Senate) |
| Roger Sherman | Creator of the Connecticut Plan aka The Great Compromise |
| 3/5 ths Compromise | Every 5 slaves count as 3 people (5 slaves = 3 people) to determine: a) state’s level of representation AND taxation *guarantee that slaves could be imported for 20 more years (until 1808) |
| Commercial (Tariff) Compromise | Congress/National gov’t can: a) regulate interstate (between states) & foreign commerce b) place tax on imports BUT NOT exports |
| Federalists | party that favored: strong national gov’t; wealthy interests; close association w/ Britain; (and more) |
| Anti-Federalists | party that favored: strong State gov’ts (weak central gov’t); small family farms; and close association w/ France; (and more) |
| The Federalist Papers | written anonymously by Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay in favor for the Constitution -series of 85 essays meant to rally support to ratify the Constitution *Anti-Federalists are slow to react |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments in the Constitution that guaranteed rights for every American |
| Delegated/Enumerated Powers | Powers specifically given to the gov’t in the Constitution |
| Concurrent Powers | Powers used by both the States and Federal Gov’t (ex: taxation) |
| Implied Powers | Powers given to the Federal Gov’t that is not specifically said in the Constitution “Elastic Clause” (ex: Hamilton’s National Bank) |
| Reserved Powers | State Powers (ex: Drivers License; used to also include Wedding License) |
| Federalism | the distribution of power in an organization (as a government) between a central authority and the constituent units — compared to CENTRALISM |
| Centralism | a way of organizing a political or educational system in which a single authority has power and control over the entire system |
Created by:
Aiyannah
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