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TCC Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| professional | member of a vocation requiring special training |
| code of ethics | list of professional standards is called |
| interprofessional | communication applies to when healthcare professionals from different professions in an industry communicate |
| hard skills | technical skills learned |
| soft skills | behaviors that reflect attitudes when performing a job function, personal attributes |
| stereotyping | Making an assumption about a group of people |
| acculturation | When a person of a minority group changes his/her behaviors or beliefs in response to the dominant culture |
| stress | the body's response to change |
| Burnout | depleting a person's energy |
| brownout phase | chronic fatigue and irritability, a lack of commitment to the job, and frustration or anger. |
| full scale burnout | despair, depression, mental exhaustion, and physical exhaustion. |
| phoenix phenomenon | readjust your goals and create life balance |
| Diversity | variation within a category |
| scope of practice | permitted procedures and processes |
| multiskilled | trained in more than one job function |
| Certification | two-part process-successful completion of defined academic and training requirements as well as the validation of these studies through a national examination |
| professionalism. | behavior that exhibits the traits or features that correspond to the models of a profession |
| registered | Healthcare professionals who are on a membership list for their respective professions |
| licensure | mandatory process required by state governments that allows one to practice a profession in that state |
| Continuing education (CEU's) | a life-long process for ensuring continued competence |
| internship or externship | Training obtained in a clinical setting that is part of a phlebotomist's education for certification |
| calcium alginate, Dacron | Swabs used in the collection of specimens from the back of the throat should be made of |
| back of throat, both tonsils | When collecting a throat swab, rub the following areas |
| mouth, teeth, uvula | When collecting a throat swab, avoid the following areas |
| sputum | mucous that is coughed up from deep within the lungs is spit into a sterile cup |
| stool specimen | used to test for several disorders including digestive problems, pathogenic bacteria, ova and parasites, and gastrointestinal bleeding. |
| Semen specimens | should be delivered within 30 minutes of collection, at body temperature (37c) |
| first morning void | The best urine specimen to use for general health assessment |
| 24-hour collection | The best urine specimen to use for measurement of total amount of substances |
| catheter | if a sterile specimen is needed for culture. A catheter is used to obtain specimens on patients who cannot void urine normally |
| CCMS(clean catch midstream) | The middle of the stream is used for a clean-catch urine collection. The best urine specimen to use for culturing bacteria is the clean-catch specimen |
| 24-hour urine | includes all urine after the first void the first day up to and including the first morning void on the second day |
| CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments | Levels of laboratory testing complexity were established by |
| Waived | . Laboratory test kits designed for home use fall within this classification of laboratory tests |
| Waived | Laboratory tests that can be learned on the job by persons with little training |
| high complexity | Specialized training and experience are required of personnel performing tests that are classified as this, Lab run by a Pathologist |
| PPMP (physician performed microscopic procedures) | Tests classified as PPMP include, among others, KOH preps, pinworm exam, urine sediment, and nasal smears |
| Certificate of Waiver | must allow random inspections by CMS |
| pre-examination (pre analytical) | phase of laboratory testing includes confirmation of laboratory test requests and proper patient identification. |
| examination ( analytical) | phase of laboratory testing includes following test timing requirements, interpreting results accurately, and running required control samples. |
| post-examination (post analytical) | phase of laboratory testing includes reporting results to the physician. |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | the distance RBCs settle in a calibrated tube after one hour. An ESR is used to screen for inflammation & arthritis |
| microhematocrit | percent of red blood cells in a centrifuged capillary tube, screening for anemia |
| guaiac card | occult blood test is commonly performed on stool |
| Throat swab | used to screen for strep throat |
| human chorionic gonadotropin (HcG) | assesses the status of pregnancy in women |
| reagents | Chemicals that react with a particular substance in urine to produce a color change |
| POCT | Point-of-care testing, can be performed at the patient's side |
| PPE | Personal protective equipment |
| Polycythemia vera | The removal of excess blood volume for patients who have too many RBC's |
| POL | Inpatient facilities where phlebotomists can work called physician office laboratories |
| The College of American Pathologists (CAP) | regularly inspects hospital and reference laboratories to ensure that they are performing to the standards of the organization. |
| The Joint Commission (TJC), | responsible for hospital accreditation |
| OSHA | Work-related injuries are reported to this regulatory organization-Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| FDA | Blood and blood products that are used in the treatment of patients must be labeled according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards |
| Neonatologists | diagnosis and treat disorders associated with newborns. |
| Endocrinology | The assessment and treatment of hormone disorders |
| professionalism | Making sure that you adhere to the required dress code and presenting a well-groomed appearance and manner |
| Clinical chemistry | The measurement of proteins, lipids, hormones, and other substances in serum is the function of this lab department |
| Cytology | The investigation of human cells for the presence of cancer cells |
| Microbiology | Determining whether or not a pathogen is resistant to an antibiotic is the responsibility of this medical laboratory department |
| Hematology | lab department that perform coagulation tests |
| Immunohematology | also called the blood bank, performs blood typing and cross-matching for transfusion. |
| Histology | section prepares tissue samples as well as surgical specimens for examination by pathologists |
| Immunology and serology | laboratory department performs tests to help diagnose the body's resistance to disease and defense against foreign substances. |
| sender, message, receiver, and feedback | The four basic elements in the communication loop |
| CLIA | Simple tests that have minimal risk of incorrect results |
| NAACLS | The National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) is responsible for setting the standards for all approved programs |
| phlebotomy | The Greek term means to “cut into a vein.” |
| Anesthesiology | management of pain before, during, and after surgery |
| gerontologist | medical doctors specializing in disorders of the elderly |
| feedback | Clarification that is needed during communication |
| capillary | Another name for a dermal puncture |
| HAIs | Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that are acquired in a healthcare setting. They were once known as nosocomial infections. |
| Clostridium difficile | C-diff bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin? |
| Enterococci | bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics vancomycin |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics |
| Fomite | inanimate object capable of carrying a disease |
| OSHA | government agency mandates the use of PPEs |
| NFPA-blue quadrant | The level of health risk of a chemical is shown in the blue quadrant of the NFPA label. |
| NFPA-red quadrant | The level of fire risk of a chemical is shown in the red quadrant of the NFPA label. |
| NFPA-white quadrant | The white quadrant of the NFPA label displays special hazard warning symbols. |
| NFPA-yellow quadrant | The yellow quadrant of the NFPA label displays reactivity warning symbols. |
| “RACE” | rescue-alarm(alert)-contain-extinguish |
| Vehicle | A disease acquired through touching a contaminated object |
| biohazard spill kit | used to clean spills of biological specimens |
| safety data sheets (SDS) | SDS contain information regarding safety risks for every chemical in the laboratory |
| Needlestick injury | most common bloodborne pathogen biohazard in the laboratory |
| N95 | protect you from the smallest airborne particles |
| "PASS" | pull-aim-squeeze-sweep |
| chickenpox, TB, and shingles | some of the diseases that can be spread through airborne transmission |
| Ergonomics | workplace hazard should be investigated to help eliminate the cause of the phlebotomist's pain- |
| Class C | Fires involving electrical equipment and its wiring are classified as Class C fires. |
| Class A | Fires involving paper, cloth or wood |
| Class B | Fires involving, oils, grease and alcohol |
| Class D | Fires involving combustible metals |
| NFPA | National Fire Protection Agency |
| Double bagging | special procedure is performed when discarding contaminated waste from an isolation room |
| HAZMATS | hazardous materials including several chemicals used in the medical laboratory |
| “W" | Reactive with water on NFPA white quadrant |
| antiseptic action | the drying of the alcohol will kill the microorganisms |
| Reservoir | site where organisms grow and multiply |
| 20 seconds | A phlebotomist should wash his or her hands for a minimum of 20 seconds between patients |
| CDC | develops and updates standard precautions, developed respiratory hygiene standards, which are part of the standard precautions. |
| GHS | The internationally agreed-upon system for communicating chemical hazards is known as the Globally Harmonized System (GHS). |
| oral | refers to the mouth |
| oculo | refers to the eyes |
| Otitis media | Inflammation (itis) of the middle (media) ear (ot) |
| dactylogram | fingerprint or a toe print, not a handprint or a footprint. |
| DNA | DNA holds the genetic code that controls the processes of the human body. This process is assisted by the RNA |
| proximal. | refers to nearest to the point of origin. |
| Prone | lying horizontal with the face downward. |
| Cranial | pertaining to the skull |
| Root word | The base meaning of a word |
| Combining vowel | The word part placed between the root word and the suffix |
| Supination | action of placing an extremity in supine position (palms facing upward |
| Anterior | refers to the front side of the patient |
| Dorsal | refer to a posterior surface or backside. |
| medial. | refers to the closest to the inside (midline) of the body |
| Cyanotic | A bluish coloration |
| transverse | horizontal cross sections. |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| midsagittal | plane divides the body down the middle |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| BMP | Basic metabolic panel |
| NPO | patient may not eat or drink anything |
| Molecules | forms of matter and are made up of at least 2 atoms. |
| Cells | the smallest living units in the human body |
| Superficial | describing veins close to the top of skin. |
| Lateral | pertaining to away from the core. |
| Antecubital | area in front of the elbow |
| cyte | means cell |
| HDL | high density lipoprotein, |
| LDL | low density lipoprotein |
| Cholesterol | HDL, or high density lipoprotein, and LDL, or low density lipoprotein, are considered cholesterol tests. |
| lungs | The organ where gas exchange takes place is the |
| bladder | Liquid wastes are stored in and eliminated by the |
| kidneys | Liquid wastes that are produced from blood are filtered through the |
| Skin | The largest organ in the body |
| CBC | assess the circulatory system |
| Antibody titers | blood drawn to check for levels of antibodies to specific antigens, what test would be ordered |
| lactic acid tests | assess the muscular system |
| BUN and creatinine | used to assess the urinary system |
| ESR | What blood test is used to check for types of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis |
| Complete blood count | A CBC is used to count all blood cells and analyze for any allergies, infections, and anemia |
| ABG (arterial blood gas) | performed to access oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and bicarbonate |
| GTT (glucose tolerance test) | performed at different time intervals—some at 2 hours, some at 3. This exam checks for type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes |
| hepatic function panel | test that will check for hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other liver diseases |
| Amylase and lipase | check for pancreatic disorders. |
| Fecal occult blood | looks for any hidden blood in stool. This is one of many colon cancer exams |
| intercostal muscles | located between the ribs. |
| Creatine kinase | used to check for heart trauma or MI (heart attack). |
| Blood cells | primarily made in the bone marrow, Skeletal body system |
| Hemostasis | the controlling of blood flow |
| Fibrinolysis | stage of coagulation where established clots are broken down |
| thrombocytes | clotting cells AKA platelets |
| Megakaryocytes | In the bone marrow release fragments that are called thrombocytes |
| B-cell lymphocytes | Antibody production is the main function |
| tunica intima | inner layer of the blood vessel |
| tunica media | middle muscular layer of the blood vessel |
| vessel lumen | The inner space of a blood vessel in which blood travels |
| Valves | keep blood from flowing backwards in the vein |
| Tunica adventitia | The outermost layer of a blood vessel also called the tunica externa |
| Arterioles | Larger arteries branch off into smaller arteries. |
| capillary | The connecting bridge between arteries and veins |
| Venules | smaller branches of veins. |
| .vein | The blood vessel through which the blood moves with minimal force and that is used to draw blood is the |
| Artery | firmer vessel pulsates with oxygenated blood |
| Capillary | Gas exchange occurs |
| median cubital vein | The vessel located in the middle of the antecubital region |
| Median cubital | the first vein a phlebotomist should attempt to find |
| Cephalic | The cephalic vein is in alignment with the thumb |
| Dorsal arch | clinical term used for the back of the hand |
| Cephalic vein | blood vessel is the most lateral and the second choice for vein selection |
| Myocardium | the muscle layer of the heart |
| Stem cells | beginning stage in blood cell formation |
| A antigen | People with Type A negative blood have the A antigen on their red blood cells |
| B antigens | People with Type B negative blood have B antigens on their red blood cells |
| O negative | People with type O negative blood are called universal donors. |
| phagocytosis | engulf foreign invaders in the body |
| TDM | Therapeutic drug monitoring |
| CLSI | clinical laboratory standards institutes sets the standards for which labs should adhere to |
| Postprandial | after eating a meal |
| Hemoconcentration | When a patient is dehydrated, her plasma water is decreased, causing other substances to increase. |
| Lipemic | A serum that appears milky usually indicates a high amount of fat in the specimen, which is considered lipemic |
| Hemolyzed | breaking down of the RBC's -Serum with a reddish color indicates hemolysis. |
| Accession number | number assigned to each patient’s samples |
| STAT | tests are those for which results are needed immediately, within the hour |
| Peak | Drug level at its highest serum concentration |
| Trough | Timing midway between doses of a drug |
| Law | A rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority |
| code of ethics | A set of written rules, procedures, or guidelines that examine values, actions, and choices to help determine right from wrong |
| assault | The perception or reasonable apprehension of bodily harm |
| battery | Performing a procedure without proper consent , actually laying hands on someone |
| Respondeat superior | let the master speak |
| direct cause | If the action of a phlebotomist repeatedly probing for a vein is linked to pain or inability to use the arm |
| HIPAA | health insurance portability and accountability act-privacy |
| bore | When describing a needle, the gauge is referred to this |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| EDTA | anticoagulant additive in a lavender-stoppered evacuated blood collection tube |
| Sodium citrate | Light-blue-stoppered tubes contain sodium citrate |
| Royal-blue tube | tube is specially designed to be free from all trace elements |
| Gray tube | contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate |
| potassium oxalate | The anticoagulant in a gray-stoppered blood collection tube |
| sodium fluoride | The antiglycolytic agent in a gray-stoppered blood collection tube |
| Tan | tubes are specially designed to be free from lead |
| Light-green tube | sodium, lithium, or ammonium heparin |
| Capillary tubes | AKA microhematocrit tubes |
| Translucent tubes | has less vacuum and will only fill part way/pediatric collection |
| White tube | DNA, molecular studies |
| PST | plasma separating tube-light green |
| bacteriostatic | Inhibits the growth of bacteria |
| Light blue tube | coagulation studies |
| PT,PTT | Prothrombin timed, prothrombin timed test |
| INR | internationally normalized rate, the rate at which blood clots |
| Gold tube | SST-serum separating tube |
| Yellow tube | collection for cultures |
| red tube | AKA discard tube |
| BD | Becton-Dickinson main manufacturer for blood & urine equipment |
| pink tube | collection for blood bank contains EDTA spray |
| Lavender tube | collection for CBC (complete blood count) contains EDTA |
| threaded hub | used to connect the needle to the tube holder |
| syringe | The barrel of the syringe measures blood in milliliters (mL). used to collect blood without vacuum |
| tourniquet | always applied 3-4 inches above the AC (antecubital fossa) |
| green tube | contains heparin |
| CLSI | agency writes the standards stating that a new tourniquet must be used for every patient |
| Burrs | imperfections at the bevel of the needle |
| Bevel | slanted edge of needle should be faced up upon entering vessel |
| Butterfly needle | AKA Winged infusion set |
| size 20 | yellow double ended needle |
| size 21 | green double ended needle |
| size 22 | black double ended needle |
| transfer device | transfer blood from a syringe to an evacuated tube |
| evacuated tube holder | Holding the needle and evacuated tubes during venipuncture |
| Greiner Bio-One | The company that manufactures the VACUETTE® and MiniCollect® tubes |
| white ring on tubes | represents a tube used for pediatric or difficult blood draws, has less vacuum |
| Translucent cap tubes | Becton-Dickinson tube that was designed for difficult blood draws, has less vacuum |
| Palpate | to touch/feel action will help you to determine the size, depth, and direction of the vein |
| Hemoconcentration | rapid increase in the ratio of blood components in plasma, may result if the tourniquet is left on too long |
| milk the finger | forcing and scraping to obtain blood-do not do |
| edema | increased fluids which can cause swelling |
| concentric circles | Start the circular motion at the center of the selected site and move outward in an ever-widening circle |
| iatrogenic anemia | The name of the condition that patients may develop if they have a large amount of blood removed over time |
| exsanguination | 10% blood volume removed over a short period of time can be fatal |
| document | any reaction or complication must be documented in patients chart |
| collapsed vein | Abnormal retraction of the vessel walls, which causes blood to stop flowing into the evacuated tube |
| hematoma | The formation of a mass (swelling) under the skin |
| hemoconcentration | can be caused if the patient pumps (rapidly opens and closes) the fist, if the tourniquet is too tight, or if the tourniquet is left on longer than one minute |
| ecchymosis | A large bruise |
| petichiae | Minor hemorrhaging in underlying tissue |
| hematoma | may form if the tourniquet is not released before the needle is removed from the vein |
| 15-30 | The correct angle for needle insertion in phlebotomy |
| shallow | In performing phlebotomy on an older (geriatric) patient, the angle of the needle |
| Osteomyelitis | an infection of the bone and marrow |
| capillary action. | The force that causes fluids to flow into tubes with small diameters -gravity |
| Interstitial fluid | fluid between cells and tissues |
| blood cultures & ESR | A dermal puncture may NOT be used due to the large amount of blood needed |
| Osteochondritis | an inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| Calcaneus | AKA heelbone |
| Centrifuges | designed to spin laboratory specimens, separating the solids from the liquid portion. |
| supernatant | liquid portion of the urine |
| aliquoting | Separation of blood specimens into smaller samples |
| pneumatic tube system | move tubes with a vacuum system and allows for quick delivery of specimens to the laboratory |
| 2 hours | CLSI standards for processing specimens within this time frame |
| courier | transports laboratory specimens to the reference laboratory |
| court ordered labs | A patient may NOT refuse a blood collection for alcohol or drug testing when there is a court order negating the patient's right of refusal |
| chain-of-custody | document signed by all who handle specimen before court case |
| TDM | Therapeutic drug monitoring is performed to establish correct dosage. |
| iodine & alcohol | not used on sample collected to test alcohol levels |
| Green surgical soap | can be used as a disinfectant in a blood collection for alcohol testing |
| Hydrogen peroxide | can be used as a disinfectant in a blood collection for alcohol testing |
| cold agglutinins | Cold agglutinin test samples must be kept at body temperature (37C) until the serum or plasma can be separated from the cells within one hour |
| cold agglutinins | Autoantibodies produced by a person's immune system mistakenly target red blood cells (RBCs). cause RBCs to clump together when a person is exposed to cold temperatures and increase the likelihood that the affected RBCs will be destroyed by the body. |
| Ammonia | must be placed in an ice-water mixture during transport |
| Lactic acid | must be placed in an ice-water mixture during transport |
| ABG | must be placed in an ice-water mixture during transport |
| lactic acid | Collecting the specimen without the use of a tourniquet |
| ABG | Collecting the specimen without the use of a tourniquet |
| Vitamin A | light-sensitive and should be covered in foil or placed in a container to protect them from light |
| Vitamin B6 | light-sensitive and should be covered in foil or placed in a container to protect them from light |
| Beta-carotene | light-sensitive and should be covered in foil or placed in a container to protect them from light |
| bilirubin | light-sensitive and should be covered in foil or placed in a container to protect them from light |
| delta check | when the results of the same test are compared with the previous results on the same patient |
| 15 minutes | how long blood samples are spun in centrifuged |
| 5 minutes | how long urine is spun down in centrifuge |
| QNS | quantity not sufficient |
| aerosols | mist that could escape a specimen tube after it is opened |
| ARD | antibiotic removal device |
| splashguards | on tubes to help prevent aerosol mist upon opening tube |
| Antibiotic removal device | in culture aerobic and anaerobic bottles to strip any antibiotic patient may be on to test just blood for culture and sensitivity test |
| C & S | culture and sensitivity test- |
| anaerobic bottle | oxygen-free environment |
| allen test | used to assess the arterial blood supply |
| aerobic bottle | oxygen-rich environment |
| 8-10ml | How much blood is usually needed for each blood culture bottle for blood cultures on adults |
| thick blood smear | used to screen for Malaria parasites |
| septicemia. | The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood is called |
| Venous access devices | must be flushed with saline prior to collection for special coagulation studies |
| Guthrie card | special forms used for neonatal screening tests |
| Polycythemia vera | causes the body to produce too many red blood cells, is treated by removing large amounts of blood. |
| Hemochromatosis | results in the body storing abnormal amounts of iron, is treated by removing large amounts of blood |
| Blood donors | must weigh at least 110 pounds |
| autologous | pre-drawn donation specifically for the patient’s own use. |
| Cystic fibrosis | causes damage to the digestive and respiratory systems |
| biotinidase | neonatal screening vitamin deficiency treated with vitamin supplements |
| PKU | phenylketonuria |
| phenylketonuria | neonatal screening inherited disorder that increases the levels of a substance called phenylalanine in the blood |
| galactosemia | neonatal screening body is unable to break down the milk sugar galactose |
| sickle cell anemia | neonatal screening were the RBC are sickle or crescent shaped |
| Biconcave | shape of RBC's |
| 120 days | lifespan of RBC's |
| platelets | lifespan 9-12 days |
| Accuracy | in test results is how correct the results are |
| SOP (standard operating procedures) | The way in which a procedure, such as blood collection, is performed is documented in this manual |
| quality control (QC) | Checking the expiration dates on all equipment used |
| quality assurance | Keeping nails trimmed when performing phlebotomy procedures is a part of this |
| Validation | used to assess consistency of results |
| Levey-Jennings charts | Results of quality control testing are recorded on special log sheets and Levey-Jennings charts |
| shift | A sudden jump in control value results is a systematic error known as a shift |
| trend | A gradual increase or decrease in control value results, though still in range, that continues for several days |
| Random error | A one-time use of an outdated control material results in a random error. |
| corrective action | Informing the nursing unit about a specimen with questionable integrity and redrawing the patient is an example of corrective action. |
| audit | Examining records for processes and procedures that were performed |
| calibration | procedure used to check and adjust settings on an instrument. |
| incident forms | Forms used to document problems with specimen collection and handling, testing procedures, and equipment that affects patient safety |
| SPS | Sodium polyanethol sulfonate |
| Yellow tube | Cultures |
| Light blue tube | Coagulation test |
| Pt/PTT | Prothrombin time test |
| Inr | International normalized rate |
| Light green tube | PST Tube plasma separating tube |
| Light green tube additive | Sodium, lithium, ammonia heparin |
| Green tube additive | Heparin |
| Lavender tube additive | EDTA |
| Pink tube additive | EDTA spray |
| Gray tube test | Diabetes |
| Gray tube anticoagulant | Potassium oxalate |
| Gray tube antiglycolitic | Sodium fluoride |
| Tan tube test | Lead |
| Royal blue tube test | Trace elements |
| White tube test | DNA/molecular studies |
| Orange tube test | STAT Thrombin |
| Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate | Yellow Tube |
Created by:
Kfoulkes
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