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Chapter 7

TermDefinition
Religion A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities and direct behavior and practices in reference to achieving the ultimate priorities.
Secularism The indifference to or rejection of formal religion.
Monotheistic Religion Belief in one god.
Polytheistic Religion Belief in many gods.
Animistic Religions Traditional or indigenous religion where animals or objects are significant.
Universalizing religions These religions actively seek converts because they view themselves as offering belief systems that are universal-appropriate for everyone.
Ethnic religions Followers are born into the faith from a given group, while conversion may be possible, converts are not actively sought.
Hinduism Religion based on a range of beliefs, including karma and reincarnation. It is the third largest religion and is one of the oldest religions. It does not have a single founder, a single theology, or a single origin story.
Caste system Social structure of South Asian society dating to the Indus civilization where people are born into their place in society. It locks people into particular social classes and imposes many restrictions.
Buddhism Religion based on belief that humans can reach enlightenment by following the middle path. It splintered from Hinduism in the sixth century BCE. The hearth is in Lumbini and Sarnath (present-day Nepal/India).
Shintoism This religion is Buddhism mixed with a local religion in Japan and includes nature and ancestor worship.
Feng Shui The art and science of organizing settlements, buildings, or living spaces to channel the natural life forces in favorable ways.
Confucianism Political philosophy that values benevolence, loyalty, and diligence within the structure of family and government. Developed from writings of Confucius and the hearth is in China. It is traditionally thought as one of the core elements of Asian culture.
Judaism Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to and entered a covenant with Abraham. It dates back to 2000 BCE and the hearth is in present-day Israel.
Diaspora Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force.
Zionism Movement for the establishment of a national homeland for Jews in the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River.
Christianity Religion based on the belief that Jesus was born as the son of God, was crucified, and was resurrected to atone for peoples' sins. Developed out of Judaism in the first century CE. Hearth in Bethlehem and Jerusalem (present-day Palestine/Israel).
Roman Catholic Church One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant). It has the most adherents of all Christian denominations. It is centered in Rome.
Eastern Orthodox Church One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Roman Catholic and Protestant). It has received many historical blows from the Ottoman Turks and the Soviet Union.
Protestant One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox).The Protestant Reformation affected Roman Catholicism and answered some of the challenges to its theology and political structures in the Counter-Reformation.
Islam Religion based on the belief in one god who revealed himself to the prophet Muhammad. Islam dates to the 7th century CE. The hearth is in Mecca and Medina in present-day Saudi Arabia.
Sunni Sect of Islam that believes the Muhammad's successor did not need a blood relative of Muhammad.
Shi’ite Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad's successor needed to be a blood relative of Muhammad. Found commonly in and around Iran.
Indigenous religions They are local in scope, they typically treat nature as having divine properties, and they are passed down through family units and groups of indigenous peoples.
Sacred sites Places or spaces that people infuse with religious meaning.
Hajj Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad.
Interfaith boundaries Boundaries between the world's major faiths.
Intrafaith boundaries Boundaries between sects within a single major faith.
Religious fundamentalism Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy.
Religious extremism Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence.
Jihad Commonly translated as "Holy War" jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran.
Created by: pl250331
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