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EARTHQUAKES

TermDefinition
RING OF FIRE The Ring of Fire is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped belt about 40,000 km long and up to about 500 km wide.
PLATE TECTONICS A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates which move slowly over the underlying mantle.
RICHTER SCALE A numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. The more destructive earthquakes typically have magnitudes between about 5.5 and 8.9.
EPICENTER The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
PRIMARY WAVES Primary waves are alternatingly compressional and extensional, and cause the rocks they pass through to change in volume. These waves are the fastest traveling seismic waves and can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. Also called P wave.
SECONDARY WAVES A type of seismic body wave in which rock particles vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave travel. Secondary waves cause the rocks they pass through to change in shape.
SURFACE WAVES (2 TYPES) Travel only through the crust Arrive after P and S Waves Almost entirely responsible for the damage and destruction of an earthquake. Two types of Surface Waves Love waves: back and forth Rayleigh wave- circular.
RAYLEIGH WAVE Circular waves
LOVE WAVE Back and forth.
MAGNITUDE Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking caused by an earthquake at a given location.
SEISMOGRAPH An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
SEISMOGRAM A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time.
AFTERSHOCK A tremor (or one of a series of tremors) occurring after the main shock of an earthquake.
TSUNAMI A cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption
STRESS A force that produces strain on a physical body
COMPRESSION The act of applying pressure
SHEARING Break off or cause to break off, owing to a structural strain
TENSION The action of stretching something tight
EARTHQUAKE Shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity
NORMAL FAULT An inclined fault in which the hanging wall appears to have slipped downward relative to the footwall
REVERSE FAULT A geological fault in which the upper side appears to have been pushed upward by compression
STRIKE SLIP FAULT A geological fault in which one of the adjacent surfaces appears to have moved horizontally
HANGING WALL The upper wall of an inclined fault
FOOT WALL The lower wall of an inclined fault
FOCUS The point within the earth where the earthquake originates
SEISMIC WAVES Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through Earth's layers, and are a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, large landslides.
SEISMOLOGY The branch of geology that studies earthquakes
FAULT LINE Line determined by the intersection of a geological fault and the earth's surface
TRANSFORM BOUNDARY Transform boundaries are places where plates slide sideways past each other. At transform boundaries lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed. Many transform boundaries are found on the sea floor.
SUBDUCTION ZONE A geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate
MERCALI SCALE A scale formerly used to describe the magnitude of an earthquake; an earthquake detected only by seismographs is a I and an earthquake that destroys all buildings is a XII
Created by: abriana123
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