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A & P Week 13

Ch 38, 39, & 40

QuestionAnswer
The terminal inch of the rectum is called the anal canal.
The structure that permits material to pass from the ileum into the large intestine is the ileocecal valve.
Which salivary gland produces only a mucous type of saliva? sublingual
The uppermost division of the small intestine is the duodenum.
The intestinal lining has circular folds that contain many tiny projections called villi.
The process of altering the chemical and physical composition of food so that it can be absorbed and used by the body cells is known as digestion.
The four portions of the colon are the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.
The dorsal surface of the tongue is covered with rough elevated projections called papillae.
The large intestine is divided into the cecum, colon, and rectum.
The longitudinal muscles within the large intestinal wall are grouped together into tape-like strips about a centimeter wide called teniae coli.
The _____ consists of portions of two maxillary bones and two palatine bones. hard palate
The innermost layer of the GI wall is called the mucosa.
In the valleys between villi are deep depressions called _____, which serve as sites of rapid mitotic cell division. intestinal crypts
All of the following are pairs of salivary glands parotids. submandibulars. sublinguals.
Which division of the small intestine is the longest? ileum
The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium. simple columnar
The hard palate consists of portions of: four bones: two maxillae and two palatines.
Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? 1 liter
The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: uvula
Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva? Sublinguals
The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid.
Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest? Ileum
Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells. Kupffer
The longest portion of the small intestine is the: ileum.
Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver? Medial lobe
The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the: hepatic flexure.
Bile is secreted by: hepatic cells
Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion? Esophagus
All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the: mouth.
An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep: serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa.
The walls of the GI tract are composed of ____ layers of tissue. four
The part of the colon that lies in the vertical position, on the left side of the abdomen, extending from a point below the stomach and spleen to the level of the iliac crest is the _____ colon. descending
The more common term for deglutition is: swallowing.
A barium enema study is used to detect and locate polyps. tumors. diverticula.
Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption? Small intestine
The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called: papillae.
After leaving the stomach, food enters the: small intestine.
Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds? Filiform
Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as: cholecystectomy
Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine? Cecum
The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the: mesentery.
The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: cementum.
The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the _____ outside the tongue. extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin
Microvilli can be found in the: large intestine. large intestine.
The most essential part of bile is: bile salts.
The process of deglutition includes all of the following except the _____ stage. laryngeal
Because fats are insoluble in water, they must be emulsified.
Fats and other nutrients in the duodenum stimulate the intestinal mucosa to release a hormone called gastric inhibitory peptide.
The ejection of bile from the gallbladder is controlled by which hormones? CCK and secretin
The chemical process in which a compound unites with water and then splits into simpler compounds is called hydrolysis.
The final step in lipid transport by the intestines is the formation of chylomicrons.
Saliva contains the enzyme amylase.
The act of expelling feces is called defecation.
CCK is an intestinal hormone that causes the pancreas to increase secretion of exocrine high in enzymatic content. opposes the influence of gastrin on gastric parietal cells. stimulates contraction of the gallbladder so that bile can pass into the duodenum.
Peristalsis is regulated in part by the intrinsic stretch reflexes. It is also thought to be stimulated by the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)
Stimulation of gastric juice secretion occurs in all of the following phases except the _____ phase. digestive
Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid, which is produced by the _____ of the gastric glands. parietal cells
Chemical digestion requires the secretion of _____ into the lumen of the GI tract. digestive enzymes and bile
_____ is the passage of substances through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph. Absorption
The wave-like ripple of the muscle layer of the GI tract is called peristalsis.
The hormone that inhibits gastric muscle, slowing passage of food into the duodenum, is called: gastric inhibitory peptide.
Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? Portal vein
Which of the following is not true of enzymes? They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction.
Which of these is not an example of mechanical digestion? Moistening the food
Rotavirus can cause what life-threatening condition in infants? Diarrhea
Glucose moves from the GI tract into the circulatory system by the process of: cotransport.
Which step of deglutition is under voluntary control? Oral stage
An end product of fat digestion is: glycerol.
The intestinal hormone cholecystokinin: stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder. opposes the influence of gastrin on gastric parietal cells. causes the pancreas to increase exocrine secretions high in enzyme content.
Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed into disaccharides by enzymes known as: amylase
Cellulose is a residue of digestion that comes from: carbohydrates
Bicarbonates are useful in the GI tract to: neutralize hydrochloric acid.
The process of fat emulsification consists of: breaking fats into small droplets.
The purpose of peristalsis is to: propel food forward along the GI tract.
The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a: monosaccharide.
The enterogastric reflex causes: inhibition of gastric peristalsis.
The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the: small intestine.
Which of the following is a disaccharide? Sucrose
Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? Cephalic phase
Hydrolysis refers to: using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones
Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus? Oropharynx
The hormone that stimulates the release of bicarbonate substance from the pancreas is: secretin.
The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: vasoactive intestinal peptide.
The process of swallowing is known as: deglutition.
When classified according to the kind of chemical reactions catalyzed, digestive enzymes are referred to as _____ enzymes. hydrolyzing
The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: protein.
The sodium cotransport or coupled transport acts to transport sodium ions and glucose molecules _____ the GI lumen. passively out of
The substances absorbed into the lymph capillaries are: glycerol and fatty acids.
Which of the processes of mechanical digestion involves the esophagus? Deglutition. Peristalsis
The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is: cholecystokinin.
Created by: Brookekotter0322
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