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B4 - BIOLOGY

ORGANISING ANIMALS AND PLANTS

QuestionAnswer
What is the heart? An organ that pumps blood around the body
What is the purpose of the circulatory system? Carries oxygen and other useful substances to bodily tissues, and removes waste substances.
How does the double circulatory system work? One pathway carries blood from the heart to the lungs - where the gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. One pathway carries blood from the heart to the tissues.
Where does blood pumped by the right ventricle go? The lungs
Where does blood pumped by the left ventricle go? Body tissues
Why is the double circulatory system important? It makes the circulatory system more efficient - for example, oxygenated blood can be pumped around the body at a higher pressure by the left ventricle.
How many chambers does the heart have and what are they called? 4 - right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker? The left ventricle has to pump blood at a higher pressure around the whole body.
What are the four main blood vessels associated with the heart? Aorta - carries ox. blood from the heart to the body. Pulmonary vein - carries ox. blood from the lungs to the heart. Vena cava - carries deox. blood from the body to the heart. Pulmonary artery - carries deox. blood from the heart to the lungs.
What is the purpose of valves in the heart? Prevent the backflow of blood
What is the purpose of coronary arteries? Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.
Describe the process of blood flow through the heart Blood enters r. atrium via vena cava, and l. atrium via pulm. vein. Atria contract, blood into ventricles and causing valves to shut. After ventricles contract, blood in r. vent enters the pulm. artery and blood in left ventricle enters aorta.
What is the approximate value of the natural resting heart rate? 70 beats per minute
How is the heart rate controlled? Heart rate is controlled by a group of cells in the right atrium which act as a pacemaker. They release waves of electrical activity which cause the heart muscle to contract.
How can an abnormal heart rhythm be treated? Irregular heart rhythms can be treated using an artificial pacemaker, which sends out electrical signals to correct the heart’s rhythm.
What are the three types of blood vessel in the body? Arteries Veins Capillaries
How are arteries adapted for their function? Function: carry blood away from the heart. Thick muscle layer - adds strength to resist high pressure. Thick elastic layer - allows arteries to stretch and recoil - in order to withstand high pressure.
Created by: sophiexgrace
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