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Sympathetic receptor
G-protein-linked second messengers
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the main categories of G-protein-linked second messengers? | 1. Adrenergic 2. Cholinergic 3. Dopamine 4. Histamine 5. Vasopressin |
Which are the adrenergic receptors? | a-1, a-2, B-1, B-2, and B-3 |
What is the G-protein class of alpha-1 receptors? | q |
Which adrenergic receptor is of the "q" G-protein class? | alpha-1 |
All Beta-adrenergic receptors are of which G-protein class? | s |
What is the G-protein class of alpha-2 receptors? | i |
alpha-1 receptor is "q" or "i" G-protein class? | q |
List of actions caused by stimulating the alpha-1 receptor: | 1. Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction 2. Increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction 3. Increased intestinal and bladder sphincter contraction |
Stimulation of the alpha-1 receptors causes miosis or mydriasis? | Mydriasis |
Which muscle action causes mydriasis in alpha-1 stimulation? | Increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction |
An alpha-1 blocker will cause mydriasis or miosis? | Miosis |
Which adrenergic receptor stimulation is associated with increased vascular smooth muscle contraction? | alpha-1 |
List of actions by alpha-2 stimulation: | 1. Decrease sympathetic (adrenergic) outflow 2. Decrease insulin release 3. Decrease lypolysis 4. Decrease aqueous humor production 5. Increase platelet aggregation |
Which action is "increased" by alpha-2 adrenergic receptor stimulation? | Platelet aggregation |
Stimulation or activation of alpha-2 receptors causes a increase or decrease in insulin release? | Decrease |
Alpha-1 or Alpha-2 stimulation causes a decrease in sympathetic outflow? | alpha-2 |
Which actions or functions are increase by stimulation of the Beta-1 receptor? | Heart rate, contractility, renin release, and lipolysis |
Which beta receptor is known to cause increase in HR, contractility, renin release and lipolysis? | beta-1 |
If the intend is to raise HR, the beta-1 receptor should be stimulated or inhibited (blocked)? | Stimulated |
List of actions caused by activation/stimulation of the Beta-2 receptors: | 1. Vasodilation 2. Bronchodilation 3. Increased lipolysis 4. Increase insulin release 5. Increase glycogenolysis 6. Increase aqueous humor production 7. Increase cellular K+ uptake 8. Decrease uterine tone (tocolysis) |
Which adrenergic receptor is known to cause vasodilation? | beta-2 |
Does stimulation of B-2 receptor cause bronchodilation or bronchoconstriction? | Bronchodilation |
A beta-2 blocker is contraindicated in COPD because it would cause: | Bronchoconstriction |
In a patient with COPD, it would be better to provoke a Beta-2 receptor blockage or stimulation? | Stimulation |
What is difference in functionality of insulin release in respect to alpha-2 and beta-2 receptor stimulation? | alpha-2 ---> decreases insulin release beta-2 ----> increases insulin release |
What are the actions caused by B-3 stimulation? | Increase lipolysis, increased thermogenesis in skeletal muscle, and increase bladder relaxation |
B-3 agonist would be beneficial to increase bladder relaxation or contraction? | Relaxation |
Which biochemical process is increased or activated by B-2 stimulation? | Glycogenolysis |
Which are the main 3 Cholinergic receptors? | M1, M2, M3 |
G-protein class of M1 is ____. | q |
Which Cholinergic receptors are both "q" G-protein class? | M1 and M3 |
What is the G-protein class type of M2? | i |
M3 is a G-protein class "____" type. | q |
Which Cholinergic receptor is known to meditate higher cognitive functions, and stimulate the enteric nervous system? | M1 |
What are the functions of M2 stimulation? | Decreased heart rate and contractility of the atria |
Which cholinergic receptor is known to cause bradycardia and decreased contractility of the atria? | M2 |
List of actions performed by M3 receptor stimulation: | 1. Increase exocrine gland secretions (lacrimal, sweat, gastric acid, and salivary) 2. Increase gut peristalsis 3. Increase bladder contraction 4. Bronchoconstriction 5. Increase pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis) 6. Ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation) 7. Increase insulin release 8. Endothelium-mediated vasodilationon |
______ stimulation will cause increase in exocrine gland secretions. | M3 |
Which cholinergic receptor, as it is stimulated in causes miosis and accommodation? | M3 |
While B-2 causes bronchodilation, which receptor is known to cause bronchoconstriction? | M3 |
M3 stimulation causes bladder contraction or relaxation? | Contraction |
What is the G-protein class of D1-receptor? | s |
What is the G-protein class of D2-receptors? | i |
Which dopamine receptor has "i" G-protein class? | D2 |
Which dopamine receptor has "s" G-protein class? | D1 |
What are the functions performed when D1-recptor is stimulated? | Relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle and, activate direct pathway of striatum |
What is the neurological-like function of D1-receptor stimulation? | Activation of direct pathway striatum |
Which receptor when stimulated activates the direct pathway of striatum? | D1 |
Which receptor causes the relaxation of renal vascular smooth muscle? | D1 |
What are the actions of D2-receptor stimulation? | 1. Modulates transmitter release, especially in brain 2. Inhibits indirect pathway of striatum |
Which receptor is been stimulated if the indirect pathway of the striatum is inhibited? | D2 |
Indirect pathway of striatum inhibition is done via _____ stimulation | D2 |
Direct pathway of striatum is activated via _______ stimulation. | D1 |
G-protein class of H1 | q |
G-protein class of H2 | s |
Which is the main action of H2 receptor stimulation? | Increase gastric acid secretion |
What are functions of H1 receptor stimulation? | 1. Increase nasal and bronchial mucus production 2. Increased vascular permeability 3. Bronchoconstriction 4. Pruritus 5 Pain |
Which Histamine receptor is classified as a "s" G-protein type? | H2 |
G-protein class of V1 receptor: | q |
G-protein class of V2 receptor: | s |
Which vasopressin receptor is stimulated if there is an increased vascular smooth muscle contraction? | V1 |
What is the function of V2-receptor stimulation? | Increase water permeability and reabsorption via upregulation aquaporin-2 in collecting tubules |
Which receptor is stimulated is known to increase the release of vWF? | V2 |