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Medical Science I
Questions and Answers
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Catherine injured her ankle while ice skating. Her X-ray shows no signs of bone abnormality but her doctor feels she has damaged ligaments. Catherine's diagnosis is a: | Sprain. |
Poor posture can cause the lumbar spine to become "swaybacked." The medical term for this condition is: | Lordosis. |
During a fall from a tree, Tiny Tim fractured his tibia, and the bone broke through the skin. This type of fracture is known as a: | Compound (open) Fracture. |
DeJohn has a compound fracture of the femur. What type of corrective treatment would MOST LIKELY be used? | Open reduction and internal fixation. |
During a routine school checkup, it is noted that Susan's spine is curved from side to side. This is called: | Scoliosis. |
Abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine causes a "hunchback" appearance. This disorder is known as: | Kyphosis. |
A tree falls on Ryan's leg causing a fracture tha is broken into many pieces. What type of fracture does Ryan have? | Comminuted. |
Connective tissue supports organs and other body parts. Two examples of connective tissue are: | Cartilage and adipose tissue. |
If you move from a sitting to a standing posistion, what type of joint movement occurs at the knee? | Extension. |
As LaRhonda ages her bones will become more porous, lose calcium and phosphorous and are more likely to fracture. This condition is called: | Osteoporosis. |
What is formed when cells are grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure and function? | Tissue. |
Pierre has been diagnosed with a greenstick fracture of his radius and ulna. What can you assume about Pierre? | He is a child. |
An elderly man tells you he has severe pain in his great toe, but denies any trauma to the toe. His pain is most likely caused by: | Gout. |
For two years, a child is given a diet that lacked Vitamin D. What disorders would most likely develop? | Osteomalacia and Rickets. |
Lisa fell out of a tree and broke her clavicle. This bone injury is called a: | Dislocation. |
Mrs. Jones suffers from painful inflammation of her joints. This condition is known as: | Arthritis. |
The main reason for applying a cast around a fracture is to: | Decrease inflammation. |
In relationship to the rest of the body, the arms would be described to be in a: | Lateral position. |
What region is located between the hypochondriac regions? | Epigastric. |
What lower arm bone is located on the thumb side of the hand? | Ulna. |
A patient had a closed reduction of a fractured tibia. You would expect the patient to have: | A cast. |
The cranial bones include the parietal, temporal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and: | Occipital. |
The medical term for the finger bones is: | Phalanges. |
The fluid that reduces the friction during joint movement is: | Synovial fluid. |
The process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow of bones is called: | Hemolysis. |
The prefix "post" means: | After. |
Dense bone is called compact bone and porous bone is called: | Spongy bone. |
One function of the skeletal system is the storage of: | Calcium. |
Chewing involvles the use of which movable skull bone: | Mandible. |
The areas where cranial bones join together to form immovable joints are called: | Sutures. |
The prefix "mal" means: | Bad. |
What type of joint allows the greatest freedom of movement? | Ball-and-socket joints. |
What type of movement occurs when you turn your head from side to side to say "no"? | Pronation. |
Which of the following is the most complex? | Stomach. |
The medical term for the knee-cap is the: | Patella. |
The outer covering of the bone is the: | Periosteum. |
The largest bone in the body is the: | Femur. |
Another name for the breast bone is the: | Sternum. |
The shaft of a long is called the: | Diaphysis. |
Bones of the skull, spine and chest make up the: | Axial skeleton. |
Which bone is part of the pelvis? | Femur. |
Bones are composed of microscopic cells called: | Osteocytes. |
The suffix "penia" means: | Deficiency. |
If you are doing "jumping jacks", your arms and legs are: | Abducting and adducting. |
What bone in the forearm is connected to the humerus? | Ulna. |
An infection of the bone, usually originating in the skin is called: | Osteomyelitis. |
This section of the sternum can be broken off if CPR is not done correctly: | Xiphoid. |
An example of an autoimmune disorder is: | Rheumatoid arthritis. |
What lining surrounds the medullary cavity? | Endometreum. |
John has been diagnosed with an osteosarcoma. His doctor states that he will have to have a/an: | External fixators. |
A swimmer strains her shoulder during a race. What is the first thing that should be done, and why? | Apply ice to stop the bleeding and reduce swelling. |
If muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without adequate periods of rest, lactic acid accumulates, and the muscle will lose its ability to contract. This is known as muscle: | Fatigue. |
In what group of diseases do muscle cells degenerate, and the most common is the Duchenne type? | Muscular dystrophy. |
Debbie has a weakness in the abdominal muscle around her naval causing part of her instestine to protrude through the weakened area. This condition is called a: | Hernia. |
The muscle that abducts the upper arm at the shoulder joint is the: | Deltoid. |
What are two of the functions of the muscular system? | Determines posture and produces body heat. |
Special circular muscles in the openings between the esophagus and stomach are called: | Sphincter muscles. |
A mother brings her baby to the health department. The baby has vesicles that rupture and develop yellow crust. These symptoms MOST LIKELY indicate: | Impetigo. |
Shang complains of pain in the front of his lower leg after running five miles. He is most likely experiencing: | Shin splints. |
Ling complains of waking up in the middle of the night with severe calf pain. What is the most likely cause of Ling's pain? | Muscle spasm. |
What type of fluid is contained in the double-walled membrane that lines closed body cavities? | Serous fluid. |
What type of burn involves complete destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer? | Third degree. |
Muscles that are partially contracted at all times are said to be in a constant state of readiness called muscle: | Tone. |
The dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities which aids in breathing is the: | Diaphragm. |
When the nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, what chemical neurotransmitter is released? | Acetylcholine. |
What is a tear in a muscle as a result of excessive use that results in minimal bleeding inside the muscle, pain and swelling? | Strain. |
Dr Schultz diagnosed Mrs. Faw's pain in her shoulder as inflammation of a tendon. This condition is called: | Tendonitis. |
When a person has acne, oily deposits harden and pores become plugged. When the secretions cannot escape, they fill with: | Leukocytes. |
What statement about Athlete's Foot is true? | It is contagious. |
When a muscle becomes shorter and thicker and causes movement, it is said to have: | Contractability. |
Which kind of muscle forms the walls of the heart? | Cardiac. |
Muscles are responsible for producing most of our: | Body Heat. |
Muscles are able to return to their original shape when they relax. This characteristic is called: | Elasticity. |
If we fail to exercise, our muscles become weak, flaccid, and will: | Atrophy. |
What region is located between the hypochondriac regions? | Epigastric. |
What region is located on either side of the umbilical region? | Right and left lumbar. |
The outer part of a serous membrane that lines a cavity is the: | Epithelial membrane. |
When the normal hair is replaced by a very short, transparent hair, what condition results? | Alopecia. |
What disorder of the interaugmentary system causes potential infection of a newborn baby? | Genital herpes. |
What muscles would be found in the back of the legs? | Hamstrings. |
To increase the size of his anterior chest, a body builder would need to excerise his: | Pectoralis major. |
Which type of muscle is considered "voluntary"? | Skeletal. |
Janel wants to improve the extensibility of her muscles. What should she do every morning? | Stretch. |
A person who lifts weights overuses muscles. This overuse causes the muscles to enlarge or: | Hypertrophy. |
The knees are located on what surface of the body? | Anterior. |
Danice found a lump in her groin. Her physician describes the lump as being in what region? | Hypogastric. |
Cameron has been diagnosed with talipes. You would expect him to: | Wear corrective shoes. |
Karen burns her hand on a hot light bulb. What should she do first? | Run the hand under cold water. |
The medical term for the calf muscle is the: | Gastrocnemius. |
The main muscle of the lower back is the: | Latissimus dorsi. |
The main muscle of the upper back is the: | Trapezius. |
The prefix "later" means: | Side. |
The suffix "oma" means: | Tumor. |
What body part is inferior to the knee? | The ankle. |
A mild sunburn would be described as being: | Superficial. |
What muscle is found in the neck? | Sternocleidomastoid. |
What muscle is found in the arm? | Triceps. |
What muscle would be found in the lower leg? | Gastrocnemius. |
Leslie suffers from myalgia. Her muscles: | Hurt. |
The word root "osteo" means: | Bone. |
Which of the following is life threatening? | Tetanus. |
What is the medical term for shingles? | Herpes Zoster. |
Why is research being done on the use of newborn umbilical cord blood? | Cord blood has immunity producing stem cells, is easy to transplant, and does not cause rejection. |
Which of the following statements about veins is true? | They collapse easily when not filled with blood. |
Leukocytes have the ability to squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissue. This process is called: | Diapedesis. |
When there is inflammation in the body, chemical sustances travel to the hypothalamus, causing the body temperature to increase. What is the medical term for this condition? | Pyrexia. |
A disease of the circulatory system characterized by fatty deposits in the walls of the arteries which reduces the amount of blood going to an organ is: | Atherosclerosis. |
Why is arterial blood bright red? | Because red blood cells carry oxyhemoglobin. |
What blood disorder would be treated with antibiotics? | Septicemia. |
Jack has poor circulation which causes blood to remain too long in his veins. This results in the excessive accumulation of fluid in his tissues, also known as: | Edema. |
What malignant condition is characterized by the overproduction of immature white blood cells which hinders the synthesis of red blood cells? | Leukemia. |
In addition to chest pain, which of the following are common symptoms of a heart attack? | Pain radiating down left arm, nausea, and dyspnea. |
White blood cells destroy bacteria by surrounding, engulfing, and digesting the bacteria. What is this process called? | Macrophagia. |
What would happen if an Rh negative person were given a blood transfusion of Rh positive blood? | He/she would develop Rh antibodies. |
Which statement best describes the pumping action of the heart? | The heart functions as a double pump. |
What special conducting cells originate an electrical impulse that begins and regulates the heart beat? | SA node. |
Mark is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of R/O MI. His doctor thinks Mark may have had a/an: | Heart attack. |
Enlarged veins which can be painful, inflamed and not as effective in returning blood to the heart are known as: | Varicose veins. |
Leslie feels dizzy when she gets up suddenly. At the doctor's office, her blood pressure is 90/50. Leslie has: | Hypertension. |
What disorder, that occurs in one of five Americans, is frequently called the silent killer because there are usually no symptoms? | Aneurysm. |
The circulation that takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where CO(underscript 2) is exchanged for O (underscript 2) is called: | Cardiopulmonary circulation. |
A tiny webbed stainless steel device which holds arteries open after an angioplasty is called a: | Stent. |
Jeff's doctor is considering treating Jeff with either a coronary by-pass or angioplasty. What is Jeff's problem? | Myocardial infarction. |
Margie is being treated with chemotherapy and radiation for skin cancer. Her treatment suppresses her bone marrow, causing: | Aplastic anemia. |
A lab report shows an abnormally large number of red blood cells. The medical diagnosis for this condition is: | Polycythemia. |
The liquid portion of the blood without cellular components is called: | Plasma. |
Which of the following is NOT a plasma protein? | Hemoglobin. |
What are two important electrolytes found in blood plasma? | Sodium chloride and potassium. |
Katia is diagnosed with thrombosis, which means that a blood clot has formed: | In a blood vessel. |
What type of blood cell is bioconcave and shaped somewhat like a donut? | Erythrocyte. |
What type of blood cell can be granular, agranular, translucent or ameboid in shape? | Leukocyte. |
The average adult usually carries how many quarts of blood? | 5-6. |
Which of the following is an example of a leukocyte? | Neutrophil. |
Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins that are necessary for: | Blood clotting. |
Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of a blood protein called a/an: | Antigen. |
What blood type is considered to be the universal recipient? | AB. |
A pus-filled cavity that forms when there is infection below the epidermis is a/an: | Abcess. |
Marilyn has leukopenia as a result of her chemotherapy. Marilyn's: | White blood cell count is low. |
What is the medical term for hemolytic disease of the newborn? | Erythroblastosis fetalis. |
A deficiency in the number of red blood cells is called: | Anemia. |
Which of the following blood disorders is inherited from both parents? | Sickle cell anemia. |
The partition between the right and left sides of the heart is the: | Septum. |
The tip of the heart that lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body is the: | Apex. |
The structures inside the heart that prevent back flow of the blood are the: | Valves. |
The vessels that are located on the outer surface of the heart to provide its oxygen supply are the: | Coronary arteries. |
The bicuspid (mitral) valve is located between the: | Left atrium and left ventricle. |
The smooth membrane that lines the inside of the heart and heart valve is the: | Endocardium. |
What large artery does blood enter as it leaves the left ventricle of the heart? | Aorta. |
The chamber of the heart pumping blood to the body is the: | Left ventricle. |
What valve prevents the backflow of blood as it leaves the heart and enters the aorta? | Aortic semilunar. |
When the heart's electrical impulse reaches the Purkinje fibers, what happens? | The ventricles contract. |
The major artery that carries blood to the brain is the: | Carotid. |
Blood that travels from the heart to the tissues and cells is part of: | Systemic circulation. |
The artery in the arm usually used to measure blood pressure is the: | Brachial. |
What type of blood vessels are the most muscular and elastic? | Arteries. |
The vessel that brings blood back to the heart from the upper body is the: | Superior vena cava. |
What term is used to describe the pain felt when the heart does not receive enough oxygen? | Angina pectoris. |
Cheryl has a clot in her leg. If the clot were to become dislodged, it would become a/an: | Embolism. |
A friend of yours has thrombocytopenia. You would expect him or her to: | Bruise easily. |
What is a hereditary disease in which the blood clots slowly or abnormally? | Hemophilia. |
What vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen? | Pulmonary artery. |
What chamber of the heart does the blood enter after it passes through the mitral valve? | Left ventricle. |
What node carries an electrical impulse from the SA node to the bundle of His? | AV node. |
Of the following, what vessel contains the highest level of oxygen? | Arterioles. |
Swollen, distending veins in the rectum are called: | Hemorrhoids. |
A doctor suspects a patient has diseased leg veins. What test would confirm this diagnosis? | Angiogram. |
Which of the following could be determined by taking a pulse? | Bradycardia. |
Tamara has a conduction defect. As a result, you would expect her to have: | An arrhythmia. |
Which of the following is a disorder of one or more heart valves? | Mumur. |
Paul is scheduled to have a coronary bypass. What MOST LIKELY is his medical probelem? | He has a coronary artery obstruction. |
Bonnie has endocarditis. How would this condition MOST LIKELY be treated? | Antibiotics. |
An artificial pacemaker would be used to treat someone with: | A conduction defect. |
Hemoglobin is composed of: | Protein and iron. |
The medical term for platelet is: | Thrombocyte. |
The main function of leukocytes is to: | Fight infection. |
The main function of erythrocytes is to: | Carry oxygen. |
Who would be a candidate for Rho Gam? | An Rh negative mother. |
The muscular layer of the heart is the: | Myocardium. |
The heart is composed of how many chambers? | 4. |
The upper chambers of the heart are called: | Atria. |
What is the average person's heart rate? | 72-75 beats/minute. |
An EKG or ECG is a recording of: | The electrical activity of the heart. |
Where can the popliteal pulse be felt? | Behind the knee. |
The contraction phase of the heart beat is called: | Systole. |
Erythrocytes carry: | The RH factor. |
What statement about prothrombin is true? | It is a white blood cell. |
Capillaries are one cell thick and can only: | Be seen with a microscope. |
Whih of the following statements about the lymph system is true? | Lymphatic vessels accompany and closely parallel the veins. |
Lymph nodes provide a site for lymphocyte production and they: | Serve as a filter for screening out harmful substances. |
Someone who is allergic to bees is stung by a bee, and begins to experience breathing problems, facial swelling, headache, and a falling blood pressure. This type of reaction is called: | Anaphylaxis. |
Which of the following statements about handwashing is true? | Wash hands immediately after touching body fluids or secretions. |
When should a health care worker wear eye protection? | When splashes of blood or body fluids are likely. |
Which of the following health care workers should wear a mask? | A dental hygientist who is cleaning teeth. |
Which of the following statements about caring for a patient with AIDS is true? | Gowns should be worn when contact with blood or body fluids is likely. |
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? | Defense by filtering bacteria. |
Arnold is a patient with AIDS who has no open sores. When giving Arnold a backrub, what protective devices should the health care worker wear? | None. |
The system working with the lymphatic system to remove waste and excess fluid from the tissues is the: | Circulatory system. |
Lymph acts an intermediary between the blood in the capillaries and tissues, and carries digested food, oxygen and: | Hormones to the cells. |
Fluid that filters out of capillaries into the microscopic spaces between tissue cells is called: | Interstitial fluid. |
A form of cancer of the lymph nodes, what disease is usually characterized by painless swelling of the lymph nodes? | Hodgkin's disease. |
What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection? | Handwashing. |
A home health aide would need to wear gloves if performing which of the following procedures? | Changing a non-sterile dressing. |
Sally went to the doctor with severe sore throat, elevated temperature, enlarged tonsils, and chills. Her diagnosis is MOST LIKELY: | Tonsilitis. |
A friend had a bloody nose and you are going to help clean up the mess. What should you do FIRST? | Put on gloves. |
The body's ability to resist pathogens and foreign materials and the diseases they cause is called: | Immunity. |
What lymphatic system disease is caused by a virus, is spread by oral contact, and occurs most frequently in young adults and children? | Mononucleosis. |
A female had sexual contact with a male who has AIDS. How long will it be before she knows if she contracted the disease? | 1 month-12 years. |
A person is diagnosed with an opportunistic infection when he/she develops the infection because he/she: | Has a compromised immune response. |
Standard precautions are guidelines to be used when you expect to have contact with another person's: | Blood. |
What is the medical term for the watery fluid inside lymphatic vessels? | Lymph. |
In what location would you most likely find a cluster of lymph nodes? | Under the arms. |
One of the functions of the lymphatic system is: | Returning tissue fluid to the general circulation. |
The organ in the lymph system that stores a large amount of red blood cells is the: | Spleen. |
Which term describes GENERALIZED enlargement of the lymph nodes? | Lymphadenitis. |
With which of the following conditions is it recommended to wear a medic alert tag? | Hypersensitivity to bee stings. |
Javid is HIV positive, but he does not have AIDS. What term describes his condition? | ARC. |
Health care workers should never: | Discard single use patient care equipment. |
Cammie goes to the doctor complaining of respiratory symptoms. No prescription medications are ordered. Her physician instructs her to stay in bed for a day or two, and drink plenty of fruit juice. Cammie's diagnosis is MOST LIKELY: | Common cold. |
Tamika has had a cough and fever for three days. Following a chest x-ray, she is admitted to the hospital and treated with IV antibiotics and oxygen. Tamika is MOST LIKELY being treated for: | Pneumonia. |
Jerome had back surgery. Three days later, he experienced severe chest pain and dyspena. If his doctor orders a lung scan, it is because the doctor suspects: | A pulmonary embolism. |
Structures that produce mucous for the respiratory tract and serve as resonance chambers for the production of sound are the: | Sinuses. |
Kim experienced hoarseness for two days and loss of voice for three days. She most likely suffers from: | Laryngitis. |
Cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss, and night sweats are symptoms of what disease? | Tuberculosis. |
Brandy has a headache and pressure behind her eyes. She has developed a thick nasal discharge and loss of voice resonance. Brandy has: | Sinusitis. |
Due to the increase in illegal immigration, homelessness, and AIDS, the incidence of what disease is increasing in the United States? | Common Cold. |
Johnny comes into the emergency room with wheezing, dyspena, and tightness in the chest. He is experiencing: | Asthma. |
Which body function is made possible by fibrous plates contained within the cartilage of the larynx? | Diffusion. |
A respiratory infection which spreads quickly and results in the greatest loss in production hours each year is: | Common cold. |
In what disease does air become trapped in the alveoli, making it difficult to exhale, while dyspena worsens as the disease progresses? | Emphysema. |
What is the name of the cartilage lid that covers the larynx when you swallow? | Epiglottis. |
The respiratory system ends in millions of tiny, thin-walled sacs called: | Alveoli. |
What covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage? | Pleura. |
The walls of the trachea are made more rigid by the presence of: | Rings of cartilage. |
Each lung is divided into two or three parts called: | Lobes. |
When the trachea divides to enter both lungs, the tubes that are formed are called: | Bronchi. |
The partition that separates the nose into right and left cavities is the: | Septum. |
Which structure of the respiratory system is responsible for voice production? | Larynx. |
Which of the following is initially sensed by the brain to control breathing? | Carbon dioxide level in blood. |
Which of the following words would most closely describe the work of hair in the nose? | Filters. |
The normal number of breaths an adult takes each minute at rest is about: | 14-20. |
Of the following, which is the correct pathway of air into the lungs? | Larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli. |
Respirations would normally increase in number in response to high levels of: | Oxygen in the blood. |
Cilia located in the nasal cavity perform the function of: | Filtering the air. |
The part of respiration that involves taking air into the lungs is called: | Inspiration. |
What would normally cause a person's respiratory rate to decrease? | Sleeping. |
What disorder is characterized by overdilated alveoli that have lost their elasticity? | Emphysema. |
Melvin has been diagnosed with pleurisy. What symptoms would you expect him to have? | Sharp, stabbing pain when breathing. |
A patient with a cough, fever, substernal pain and rales will be treated for: | Bronchitis. |
What does someone with pneumonia have that is not present in the flu? | Fluid in alveoli. |
Marsha's grandmother is suffering from first stage Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following symptoms would her grandmother MOST LIKELY exhibit? | Short-term memory loss. |
A disease characterized by early senility, confusion, and loss of recognition of persons or familiar surrounding is: | Alzheimer's Disease. |
A child comes to the emergency room with a high fever, headache, and stiff neck. What diagnostic procedure would MOST LIKELY be performed? | Lumbar puncture. |
Marilyn is a 30 year-old who has developed weakness in her arms and legs, numbness and double vision. What disorder is consistent with Marliyn's symptoms? | Mutiple sclerosis. |
If all neurons in the body were functioning normally except those in the cerebum, what could a person do? | Decide to move. |
What structure in the brain is responsible for producing smooth coordinated movements and maintaining body posture? | Cerebellum. |
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | 12. |
There are four fluid filled cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. What ae they called? | Ventricles. |
A child is born with normal intelligence but with brain damage that affects muscle function is suffering from: | Cerebral palsy. |
Cary often seems to be staring or daydreaming during class. What could these episodes be a sign of? | Epilepsy. |
Your uncle is suffering from dementia. Which of the following would you expect when you visit? | He can't remember your name. |
Wayne is diagnosed with Bell's palsy. When looking at Wayne, what physical symptoms would one expect to see? | His mouth droops on one side of his face. |
A baby is born with hydrocephalus. What surgical intervention is needed? | The creation of a shunt. |
The tough fluid-containing membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord is the: | Meninges. |
The space that separates the axon of one neuron from the dendrite of the next is the: | Synapse. |
How far down the spinal column does the spinal cord extend? | To the second lumbar vertebrae. |
The automatic nervous system consists of motor neurons that would control: | The beating of the heart. |
What is contained in the ventricles and serves as a shock absorber to protect the brain? | Cerebrospinal fluid. |
Stimulation of the patellar tendon results in a muscle contraction called a: | Reflex. |
What is the function of the choroid plexus? | It helps in the function of cerebrospinal fluid. |
The medulla, midbrain and pons are all part of the: | Brainstem. |
The shallow grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are: | Sulci. |
What part of the nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response? | Sympathetic. |
Conscious thought, memory, and voluntary muscle activity are functions of the: | Cerebrum. |
The hypothalamus has nine functions. One of the functions is: | Appetite control. |
Blood clot, hemorrhage, and ruptured aneurysm would result in: | Stroke. |
Which of the following is a common symptom of a CVA? | Hemiplegia. |
A condition involving abnormal electrical impulses of the brain is: | Epilepsy. |
Polio is a disease of nerve pathways of the spinal cord that causes: | Paralysis. |
What disease is characterized by tremors, a shuffling gait, pin-rolling and muscular rigidity? | Parkinson's disease. |
What diagnostic test measures the electrical activity of the brain? | EEG. |
What diagnostic test places a patient within a large magnet? | MRI. |
The largest part of the brain is the: | Cerebrum. |
The brain and spinal cord are part of the: | Central nervous system. |
A nerve cell is a/an: | Neuron. |
The single long arm of a neuron is the: | Axon. |
Dendrites carry messages: | To the cell body. |
The innermost layer of the meninges is the: | Pia mater. |
The hypothalamus and thalamus are part of the: | Diencephalon. |
What does a neuron have more than one of? | Dendrite. |
The medulla is located in the: | Brainstem. |
Why does our nose run when we cry? | Tears flow across the eye into the lacrimal duct, which drains into the nasal cavity. |
What is the function of the eustachian tube? | Equalizes pressure in the middle ear with the outside atmosphere. |
Pam tells you she wears glasses because the front of her eye is uneven. She insists she is neither nearsighted nor farsighted. Pam has a/an: | Astigmatism. |
A person who burns his/her tongue might have trouble tasting food if what structures are damaged? | Papillae. |
What three structures picks up the vibrations of fluid in the cochlea and transmits them as a sensory impulse to the brain? | The semicircular canals. |
What inner ear structure picks up the vibrations of fluid in the cochlea and transmits them as a sensory impulse to the brain? | Organ of Corti. |
Benjamin's eye muscles do not coordinate their actions and have a cross-eyed appearance. What is the medical term for this disorder? | Strabismus. |
The black center in the iris is really a hole called the: | Pupil. |
The eyeball has three coats; the sclera, the choroid and the: | Retina. |
What clear structure is called the "window of the eye?" | Cornea. |
Where on the retina do nerve fibers form the optic nerve? | Optic disc. |
The crystalline structure behind the pupil that focuses light rays on the retina is the: | Lens. |
What does the pupil do when exposed to bright light? | Constrict. |
Extrinsic eye muscles allow for eye movement, and are attached to the: | Sclera. |
The tube that connects the middle ear cavity and the throat is the: | Eustachian tube. |
Someone with diplopia would be treated by a/an: | Ophthalmologist. |
What should you do if a splinter becomes lodged in the eye? | Cover both eyes and seek medical care. |
Jose has a genetic disorder in which his cones do not function properly. He has: | Color blindness. |
What type of medication would be used to treat rhinitis? | Antihistamine. |
The conjuctiva is a sac that lines: | The eyelid. |
The lens of the eye lies directly behind the: | Iris. |
The iris is the: | Colored part of the eye. |
The eye is protected by the: | Orbital cavity. |
The white of the eyes is called the: | Sclera. |
The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with: | Aqueous humor. |
The size of the iris and pupil is changed by: | Intrinsic muscles. |
The function of the lens is: | Accomodation. |
The retina contains visual receptors called: | Rods and cones. |
What is the function of vitreous humor? | Provide night vision and refract light rays. |
The tympanic membrane is also known as the: | Eardrum. |
The outer part of the ear is known as the: | Pinna. |
The organ of Corti is located within the: | Cochlea. |
Otitis media is usually treated with: | Antibiotics. |
What is the function of the lacrimal glands? | Produce tears. |
In which order is the correct pathway of vision? | Cornea, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve. |
Smell accounts for what percent of taste? | 90%. |
What is the function of cerumen? | Protection. |
What carries sound impulses to the brain? | Auditory nerve. |
What is the function of the ridges produced by papillae? | To provide resistance to slipping when grasping and holding objects. |
Daria has gingivitis. She should see a: | Periodontist. |
Lee developed a skin rash with severe itching. She went to a dermatologist who scraped the rash and looked under a microscope, finding tiny mites. What does Lee have? | Scabies. |
Leslie cut on the tip of her finger. This location in relation to her hand is described as being: | Distal. |
What cells in the skin are stimulated when exposed to sunlight, causing a darkening of the exposed area? | Melanocytes. |
What statement about malignant melanoma is true? | It may appear as a brown irregular patch that appears suddenly. |
Michael has not exercised for months, and one day, plays four hours of basketball. What might he complain of the next day? | Myalgia. |
Marilyn has a hand lesion that her physician treats with liquid nitrogen. What type of lesion does Marilyn have? | A wart. |
Carmen is very anxious about a job interview and develop itchy wheals on her arms and legs. She is suffering from: | Urticaria. |
Jojo was burned in a house fire. His doctor estimates his burns at 18%. How did the doctor determine the percentage? | Rule of Nines. |
Someone with bladder cancer would likely have which of the following symptoms? | Hematuria. |
Which organ would be located in the dorsal cavity of the body? | Spinal cord. |
What region is located between the hypochondriac regions? | Epigastric. |
The outer part of a serous membrane that lines a cavity is the: | Parietal membrane. |
What type of serous membrane lines the abdominal cavity? | Peritoneal. |
A patient has a lump in the breast. What procedure might be used to examine the patient? | Mammogram. |
What body system contains the brain, nerves and spinal cord? | Nervous. |
The hollow tube in which the hair grows is called the: | Follicle. |
The layer of skin that contains the blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles is the: | Dermis. |
The ridges of the stratum germinativum are called: | Papillae. |
Charmaine has a bladder infection. What symptom would she likely have? | Dysuria. |
When topical medication is applied to the skin, which function of the skin is being utilized? | Absorption. |
Sebaceous glands secrete an oil for hair and skin called: | Sebum. |
What type of skin cancer is the most common and least malignant? | Basal cell carcinoma. |
Which surgical procedure may be performed on someone with breast cancer? | Mastectomy. |
The function of the skin include protection, absorption and: | Temperature control. |
What muscle causes the skin to pucker around a hair when exposed to a sudden chill? | Arrector pili. |
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light causes a darkening of the skin and: | Vitamin D production. |
What lower arm bone is located on thumb side of the hand? | Radius. |
The word root "lingua" or "glosso" means: | Tongue. |
The process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow of bones is called: | Hemopoiesis. |
The word root "gingiva" means: | Gum. |
The suffix "toxic" means: | Poisonous. |
A benign tumor made up of fat cells is a/an: | Lipoma. |
The mid-sagital plane divides the body into: | Right and left sides. |
Which of the following is the most complex? | Circulatory system. |
Sweat glands are found primarily in or on the: | Axila. |
The visible part of the hair is called the: | Shaft. |
The medical term for sweat glands is: | Sudoriferous glands. |
The outermost layer of the skin is the: | Epidermis. |
The outermost layer of the epidermis is the: | Stratum corneum. |
The pigment that gives color to the skin is: | Melanin. |
Who would be a candidate for Rho Gam? | An Rh negative mother. |
The suffix "penia" means: | Deficiency. |
The word root "leuko" means: | White. |
The suffix that means "surgical removal of" is: | -Ectomy. |
The medical word root for "red" is: | Erythro. |
Mucous membranes line what body system? | Respiratory. |
What muscle is found in the neck? | Sternocleidomastoid. |
What statement about prothrombin is true? | It is a white blood cell. |
Someone who is born without melanin has: | Albinism. |
If Martina's skin is excoriated, she must have: | Scraped it on something. |
Carmen is a very thin dancer, who goes to a doctor for a physical exam. Which of the following comments by Carmen would lead the doctor to believe she may have an eating disorder? | "I feel so fat in my costumes." |
Sometimes, people with eating disorders follow their food consumption with purging. What is purging? | Self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse. |
Robert is jaundiced. Which of the following disorders could have caused his jaundice? | A gallstone blocking the common bile duct. |
Why does the 2005 Food Guide Pyramid show a person climbing stairs? | To show the importance of exercise. |
A Scientific Advisory Committee, appointed by the US Government, lists seven dietary guidelines. Which of the following is one of the recommendations? | Eat a variety of foods. |
Every time a newborn baby is fed he has projectile vomiting. After taking x-rays, doctors schedule the baby for surgery. What is the diagnosis? | Pyloric stenosis. |
Kristie has been suffering with a bout of gastroenteritis for about 24 hours. What would Kristie need when she is admitted to the hospital? | IV fluids. |
Gretchen has an inflammation of the large intestine which is causing episodes of constipation and diarrhea. What is the medical term for this disorder? | Colitis. |
A patient with colon cancer has most of his large intestine removed. What will be constructed to compensate for the missing bowel? | Colostomy. |
A small muscular sac that secretes bile and is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity is the: | Gallbladder. |
The muscle between the esophagus and stomach that keeps food from going back up into the esophagus is the: | Cardiac sphincter. |
The process in which broken down food moves from the intestine into the blood and lymph is called: | Absorption. |
The medical term that means inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach and intestines is: | Gastroenteritis. |
When small quantities of stomach acid are regurgitated into the esophagus, the resulting condition is called: | Heartburn. |
Eating proper foods such as cereals, fruits, vegetables and drinking plenty of fluids can help avoid which of the following conditions? | Constipation. |
A unit that measures the amount of energy contained within the chemical bonds of different foods is a: | Calorie. |
When food labels list a percent of daily requirements for a nutrient, what calorie diet is the percent based on? | 2000. |
Obesity is defined as weighing what percent more than optimum body weight for gender, height, and bone structure? | 15%. |
Which of the following best explains the reason why a person with anorexia nervosa refuses to eat? | Fear of weight gain. |
The 2005 Food Guide Pyramid divides foods into five groups AND adds an additional band for: | Fats and oils. |
Small stones may pass on their own but large ones must be surgically removed in what condition? | Cholelithiasis. |
Curtis has H. pylori in his stomach. He smokes, drinks, and works as an air traffic controller. Curtis is at high fisk for developing: | An ulcer. |
Janice had a ruptured appendix. Bacteria from the appendix spread to the abdominal cavity causing: | Peritonitis. |
The middle segment of the small intestine is called the: | Jejunum. |
What feather-shaped organ secretes enzymes to digest food? | Pancreas. |
The part of the body that seperates the mouth from the nasal cavity is the: | Hard palate. |
The external opening of the large intestines is: | Anus. |
Food moves from the pharynx to the stomach by passing through the: | Esophagus. |
The glands which secrete a watery fluid in the mouth are called: | Salivary glands. |
The organ that is divided into 3 sections and is approximately 20 feet long is the: | Small intestine. |
The blind sac attached to the cecum and having no known function is known as the: | Appendix. |
The purpose of maltese, sucrase, and lactase is to: | Emulsify saturated fats. |
The muscular organ that aids with chewing and swallowing of food is the: | Tongue. |
Which enzyme causes the INITIAL chemical breakdown of carbohydrates? | Ptyalin. |
A semisolid mixture of food and gastric juice in the stomach is called: | Chyme. |
Which part of the small intestine receives bile from the gallbladder and liver? | Duodenum. |
The wavelike motions of the intestines that move food along the digestive tract are called: | Peristalsis. |
The medical term that means surgical removal of the gallbladder is: | Cholecystectomy. |
A liver disease caused PRIMARILY by excessive alcohol consumption is: | Cirrhosis. |
What fat is found in animal products like meat, cheese, and eggs? | Cholesterol. |
Which of the following is an example of a mineral? | Calcium. |
Proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids are called: | Complete proteins. |
What is the primary cause of obesity? | Excessive intake of calories in proportion to expenditure. |
What group is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa? | Young adult females. |
What disorder is characterized by episodic binge eating followed by purging behavior? | Bulimia. |
Which athletes are most likely to develop anorexia nervosa? | Female gymnasts. |
In addition to severe weight loss, a female with anorexia nervosa USUALLY has: | Amenorrhea. |
When will Tom's stomach be empty if he last ate at 9 a.m.? | 12 noon. |
A condition in which a sore or a lesion forms in the mucosal lining of the stomach is called: | An ulcer. |
It is recommended that all healthcare workers be vaccinated for which of the following diseases? | Hepatitis B. |
What nutrient is the main source of energy for the body? | Carbohydrates. |
What nutrient is an essential component for all body tissues? | Water. |
What is the indigestible part of fruits and vegetables? | Roughage. |
What minerals are important to the formation or maintenance of healthy teeth? | Calcium and fluorine. |
According to the 2005 Food Guide Pyramid, we need the most servings from what group? | Grains. |
Mandated nutrition labeling for most food is regulated by the: | FDA. |
The 2005 Food Guide Pyramid recommends you consume what food group the least? | Meat, beans, fish and nuts. |
A person on a low cholesterol diet would eat plenty of: | Grains. |
If a person is on a liquid diet, he or she could consume: | Jello. |
In addition to severe weight loss, a female with anorexia nervosa often has: | Amenorrhea. |
What statement BEST describes a method of heartburn prevention? | Avoid lying down for 2-3 hours after eating. |
A person in what age group would be MOST LIKELY to be diagnosed with diverticulosis? | 60-80 years old. |
Acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining is: | Gastritis. |
A health care worker who is struck with a contaminated needle is at risk of developing: | Hepatitis B. |
What is the purpose of peristalsis? | To push food forward. |
What organ detoxifies alcohol? | Liver. |
Hepatitis is usually caused by a/an: | Virus. |
Fiber is important in maintaining: | Proper bowel functioning. |
What do the initials "RDA" stand for? | Recommended dietary allowance. |
The largest organ in the body is the: | Liver. |
Proteins are synthesized in cell cytoplasm from: | Amino acids. |
Testosterone is responsible for secondary male characteristics, including deepening of the voice, the growth of body hair, and: | An increase in muscle mass. |
Menopause normally occurs between the ages of forty-five to fifty-five, but can be induced prematurely by removal of the: | Ovaries. |
What diagnostic procedure would a physician order for a patient who detects a lump in the breast? | Mammography. |
Each lobe of the testis contains one to four highly twisted: | Seminiferous tubules. |
What is laproscopy? | Surgical insertion of a lighted instrument through the abdominal wall. |
A condition in which tissue resembling the inner layer of the uterus grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity is: | Endometriosis. |
A woman who completes a course of antibiotic treatment and then experiences vaginal itching, burning and leukorrhea would be treated with: | Antifungal medication. |
What ducts connect the vas deferens with the urethra? | Ejaculatory duct. |
What structure connects the testes with the ductus deferens? | Epididymsis. |
What male reproductive gland surrounds the opening of the bladder leading into the urethra? | Prosstate gland. |
The external organs of the male reproductive system are the: | Testis and penis. |
What structure serves as a storage site for sperm and as the excretory duct of the testis? | Vas Deferens. |
Fluid from the prostate gland aids in the expulsion of semen and: | Enhances sperm motility. |
What structure of the male reproductive system is shared with the urinary system? | Urethra. |
The female reproductive system which serves as a passageway for ova to the uterus is the: | Fallopian tube. |
A muscular tube leading from the cervix to the outside of the body is the: | Vagina. |
The two folds of tissue that protect the vaginal opening and the urethral meatus are the: | Labia. |
The bulging, rounded upper part of the uterus is the: | Fundus. |
The normal periodic discharge of the endometrial lining in a female is known as: | Menustruation. |
The part of the uterus that becomes soft and thin before dilating to allow passage of a baby is the: | Cervix. |
The female reproductive organ responsible for producing estrogen is the: | Ovary. |
The two hormones that are used in contraceptive pills are: | Estrogen and progesterone. |
The test that women should have annually for the early detection of cervical cancer is the: | Pap smear. |
Redness, swelling, and pain in the breasts could indicate: | Mastitis. |
The sterilization procedure for women is called a/an: | Tubal ligation. |
The prostate gland is approximately the size of a/an: | Peanut. |
Of the following male reproductive structures, which is normally the largest? | Testis. |
Which of the following glands produces a secretion to transport sperm? | Prostate gland. |
The external area between the vulva and anus is the: | Vagina. |
The scientific name for the beginnning of the menses is: | Menarche. |
The unintentional loss of a pregnancy is called a: | Spontaneous abortion. |
The sterilization procedure for a male is called a/an: | Vasectomy. |
The procedure to remove the foreskin of the penis is called a/an: | Circumcision. |
What is a usual symptom of prostatic hypertrophy? | Polyuria. |
For what STD may a pregnant woman need a C-section to prevent infection of the new born? | Genital herpes. |
What is the medical term for inflammation of the testes? | Orchitis. |
The scrotum contains the: | Testes. |
The foreskin of the penis is also known as the: | Prepuce. |
What are the male gametes? | Spermatozoa. |
Sperm are produced in the: | Testes. |
The male hormone produced by the testes is: | Testosterone. |
Sperm are stored in the: | Epididymis. |
In the embryo, where are the testes formed? | In the abdomen. |
Mammary glands are located in the: | Breasts. |
The muscle layer of the uterus is the: | Myometrium. |
The inner mucous layer of the uterus is the: | Endometrium. |
The fetus develops in the: | Uterus. |
The mouth of the uterus is the: | Cervix. |
Fertilization of the ovum usually occurs in the: | Fallopian tubes. |
The average length of the menstrual cycle is: | 28 days. |
The female gamete is produced in the: | Ovary. |
What is the function of ejaculation? | Discharge of sperm. |
How long is the normal gestation period? | 9 months. |
When does fertilization occur? | When the sperm penetrates the ovum. |
What is the medical term of menstrual cramps? | Dysmenorrhea. |
What is the path of the formation of urine? | Glomerulus--Bowman's capsule--proximal convoluted tubule--loop of Henle--distal convoluted tubule--collecting tubule. |
If the kidneys are not functioning properly, what would occur? | Toxic wastes would accumulate in the cells, poisoning themselves. |
During the function of urine formation in the kidneys, useful substances filter out of the renal tubules and back into the capillaries around the tubules. This function is called: | Reabsorption. |
Dialysis involves the use of a device that rids the blood of harmful wastes by passing the blood through: | A semipermeable membrane. |
The elastic muscular organ that is capable of great expansion and is part of the urinary system is the: | Bladder. |
Doug is getting old and sometimes he unintentionally wets his pants. The medical term for this is: | Incontinence. |
Production of urine is controlled by two hormones: | ADH and aldosterone. |
Jane is 7 years old and is complaining of dysuria. Her most likely diagnosis is: | Cystitis. |
The function of the urinary system is to: | Remove waste products from the body. |
What procedure would be the BEST treatment for renal failure? | Kidney transplant. |
The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the: | Nephron. |
The tubes connecting the kidneys and bladder are called: | Ureters. |
The cluster of capillaries that the Bowman's capsule surrounds in the nephron is the: | Glomerulus. |
The opening of the urethra to the outside of the body is the: | Urinary meatus. |
The double-walled capsule surrounding the glomerulus is the: | Bowman's Capsule. |
The tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body is the: | Urethra. |
What substance found during a routine urinalysis is normal? | Water. |
What is the main complication of a kidney transplant? | Rejection. |
Which of the following is an early sign of acute kidney failure? | Obliguria. |
What set of symptoms would be expected in someone with renal calculi? | Severe pain, chills, hematuria. |
Kidney trauma can cause red blood cells to be present in the urine. This is known as: | Hematuria. |
The triangular-shaped divisions of the medulla of the kidney are called: | Pyramids. |
In chronic renal failure, there is a gradual loss of the function of the: | Nephrons. |
Katie has a fever and flank pain. A urinalysis is done and shows pyuria. Katie may have: | Renal calculi. |
Someone who drinks a lot of water may experience: | Polyuria. |
Which of the following conditions is most common in small children? | Enuresis. |
The function of the glomerulus is to: | Filter substances from the blood. |
The function of the urinary bladder is to: | Store and aid the elimination of urine. |
Filtration in the kidney occurs in the: | Glomerulus. |
Urine formation begins with: | Filtration. |
A lithotriptor can break up renal calculi using: | Shockwaves. |
Hemodialysis is used to treat: | Kidney failure. |
The most common cause of cystitis is: | E Coli. |
The urinary bladder is located in the: | Pelvic cavity. |
The inner layer of the kidney is the: | Medulla. |