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Chemistry 110
A review of terms for the final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is chemistry? | the science dealing with matter (and its structures and properties) and the changes that it undergoes |
| What is science? | systematized knowledge derived from observation, study, and experimentation. |
| What is a hypothesis? | a first guess |
| what is a theory? | a mature, thoroughly tested hypothesis. |
| what is matter? | anything that has mass and volume |
| what are the three types of changes? | chemical, physical, mathematical. |
| what type of change does NOT involve a change in composition? | physical. |
| what type of change DOES involve a change in composition? | chemical |
| what is a mathematical change? | math that you do after you know what is happening to the matter (physical, chemical.) |
| what is precision? | the ability to reproduce a result. |
| what is accuracy? | the measure of how well a result reflects reality. |
| the more ___________ a set of data, the more likely it is to be ________. | precise, accurate. |
| are non zero numbers significant? | yes. |
| are the zeros in between non zero numbers significant? | yes. |
| are the zeros to the left of the first non zero digit significant? | nope. |
| Extensive | depends on size |
| intensive | doesn't depend on size |
| Non uniform | heterogeneous |
| uniform | homogeneous |
| what are the two types of homogeneous solutions? | solutions and substances |
| what are atoms? | the smallest component of a molecular compound that still exhibits the qualities of that element |
| what is a molecule? | smallest component of a molecular compound that still exhibits teh qualities of that molecule |
| What defines an element? | the atomic number |
| what is the atomic number? | it defines the number of protons in the atom. |
| what is the mass number? | the number of protons PLUS neutrons in an atom. |
| what is a nucleon? | a proton or a neutron. |
| What is an isotope? | atoms of a given element that have different numbers of neutrons and have different mass numbers. |
| Density equals.. | mass over volume |
| degrees F equals | (degrees C x 1.8) + 32. |
| degrees C equals | (degrees F - 32) / 1.8 |
| How do you calculate the average atomic weight of an element? | you take the (mass in AMU x percent abundance) / 100 |
| Do two electrons in the same orbital have the same spin? | no, they're opposite |
| The d orbitals occur in groups of ___________ and hold up to _________ electrons | five, 10. |
| Substances that have the same electron configuration are... | isoelectronic. |
| POsub4 charge 3- | phosphate |
| SOsub4 charge 2- | sulfate |
| ClOsub2 charge 1- | chlorite |
| NHsub4 charge 1+ | Ammonium |
| NOsub2 charge 1- | Nitrite |
| AsOsub4 charge 3- | Arsenate |
| COsub3 charge 2- | Carbonate |
| CrOsub4 charge 2- | Chromate |
| NOsub3 charge 1- | Nitrate |
| ClOsub3 charge 1- | Chlorate |
| if you take away one Oxygen from a common complex ion, the name goes from -ate to | ite. |
| when you add a hydrogen to a common complex ion, the charge... | goes down by one |
| What are some common things with a charge of plus one? | H, Na, K, Ag, and NHsub4 |
| what are some common things with a charge of plus two? | Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Ni |
| What is something with a charge of plus three? | Al (aluminum) |
| What are some common things with a charge of minus one? | F, Cl, Br, I, OH, Nitrate, Chlorate |
| What are some common things with a charge of minus two? | O, Osub2, S, Sulfate, Carbonate, Chromate |
| What are some common things with a charge of minus three? | phosphate, arsenate |
| how do you calculate the percent of a compound that is a particular element, for example: what percent Cu is in CuSOsub4 | take the molar mass of Cu and divide it by the molar mass of the entire compound, then multiply by 100 |
| What is FeClsub2 called? | Iron(II)chloride |
| What is NO called? | Nitrogen monoxide |
| What is CaClsub2 called? | Calcium chloride |
| What is Alsub2 Osub3 called? | Aluminum(III)oxide |
| What is AgNOsub3 called? | silver nitrate |
| What is MgSOsub4 called? | Magnesium Sulfate |
| What is Nsub2 O called? | Dinitrogen Monoxide |
| if the electronegativity of a compound is greater than 1.7, the compound is likely to be... | ionic |
| if the electronegativity of a compound is less than 0.7, the compound is likely to be ... | molecular, covalent. |
| CO is called | carbon monoxide |
| You don't need roman prefixes if... | metals in group 1, group 2, Ag, and ammonium |
| You need roman numerals if... | if it is a metal that is not in group 1, group 2, silver or ammonium |
| MnS is called | Manganese(II) sulfide |
| What makes bases easily recognizable? | the hydroxide (OH one minus) ion |
| What are the two types of acids? | binary and pseudo binary |
| "Ate" ions make _____ acids | "ic" |
| "ite" ions make ______ acids | "ous" |
| When naming a binary acid, you have to have... | the state that it is in |
| What is HCl called? | you can't name it because it doesn't have a state |
| what is HCl(aq) called | Hydrochloric acid |
| What are the six types of reactions? | Synthesis, decomp, combustion, exchange (precip), acid/base, redox |
Created by:
akfehr
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