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Periodic Table

Study Evidence #2

QuestionAnswer
Groups There are three vertical columns on the Periodic Table and are numbered from #1-18.
Group 1: Alkali Metals -highly reactive w/ non-metals. When combined with water they have an endothermic reaction. When combined w/non-metals they form SALTS.
As you go from top to bottom in a group, the reactivity increases 1. In solution SALTS will IONIZE 2. To Ionize means the compound has broken up into its respective ions.
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals - also form salts w/ non-Metals, they are less reactive than the grp. 1 metals w/ water
Group 3-12: Transition Metals -form colored ions in solution
Group 17: Halogens -the only group on the periodic table with all three phases of matter present
Group 18: Nobel Gases -will not form compounds with other elements because they exist w/ 8 val. e- already. Exception Fluorine.
Electronegativity -in a group decreases as you go from top to bottom. The electronegativity decreases because as you go down a group, the number of PEL increases
As the # of PEL’s increases the attractive force of the nucleus decreases, reducing the electronegativity of the element
First Ionization Energy decreases as you go from top to bottom in a group (same reason as electronegativity)
Atomic Radius Increases as you go from top to bottom in a group because the number of PEL’s increases, therefore the atom in radius increases
Reactivity Increases from top to bottom. With water, and with the forming of compounds and eventually becoming radioactive
Metallic Character As you go from top to btm. In a group the elements become more metallic
Trends of a Period (Lft. To Rt.) #1-7 The number of the period corresponds to the # of PEL’s each element in the period has
Electronegativity _____ as you go from left to right in a period Increases
Trends in a period generally, Exclude Noble Gases due to their complete Octet Rule
In a period the number of PEL’s is the same but the number of proton is increasing, by 1, in the Nucleus This causes the Nucleus to have a greater attraction for e-, increasing the electronegativity for each successive element
First Ionization Energy _______ from left to right in a period for the same reason as electronegativity Increases
Atomic Radius _____ as you go from left to right in a period. For the same reason that causes the _____ in both electronegativity and first ionization energy decrease; increase
Reactivity decreases as we go from left to right in a period because The elements are moving towards getting 8 valence e-
Metallic Character decreases as we go from left to right in a period
Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity. 1. Due to the low electronegativity which causes them to lose their e- easily. A flow of e- = electricity. 2. Malleable- pounded flat into a sheet. (Their shape is easily transformed.) 3. Ductile- pulled into a
Non-metals i. Poor conductors of heat and electricity. ii. Brittle - hit them with a hammer and they shatter. iii. Dull - they do not have luster. iv. Low MP and BP. v. Will not oxidize in water.
Metalloids (Semi-Metals) i. Have characteristics of both metals and non-metals. ii. Semi-conductors of heat and electricity.
Atomic Radius vs. Ionic Radius Depends on what type of element that we are dealing with. Metals - always lose their e- forming (+) ions, therefore their Atomic Radius is always larger than their Ionic Radius. Non-metals - always gain e- forming (-) ions, therefore their Ionic Radius
Created by: Alisha-248
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