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Blood gas Co oximetr
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood gas analysis | process by which ph and gaseous components of the blood are measured O2 CO2 |
| balance between | O2 and bicarbonate |
| ise | ion select electrode |
| pH | alkalinity or acidity of the blood (relative concentration of H+ ions) |
| PCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide | (PCO2 + pH are both affected by H+ ions and are reported together in) 38 to 42 mmhg |
| PO2 | partial pressure of oxygen 85 1200 mmhg |
| Where do we get the ph scale | the negative exponent is where we get the moles for the pH scale |
| pH scale the higher you are | the more alkaline or basic |
| around 7 you are | neutral |
| acidic is | lower you were between 6 and 0 |
| blood pH is | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| importance of blood gas | 1 indicates a problem long before vitals 2 primary indicator of ill patients changes 3 shows long antennae function 4 helps determine method of treatment |
| regulation of pH | 1 chemical buffers 2 lungs 3 kidneys |
| quickest change is | buffers |
| slowest change is | kidneys |
| lung and kidney issues show | with the same time PCO2 in PH are affected at the same time |
| partial pressure Dalton's law | bt = B1 + B2 + b3 |
| Dalton law | in a mixture of gases pressure of 1 gas is proportional to its concentration |
| Body gasses | are wet |
| PP formula | Partial pressure (PP) = barometric pressure (BP) minus water vapor pressure (WVP) X percentage of concentration |
| pH system | voltage measurement blood 7.35 to 7.45 this is temperature dependent separate electrode for measurement and reference temperature dependent on 37° C anaerobic conditions |
| PCO2 | system voltage measurement severinghaus electrode measurement/reference insane body temperature-dependent and 37 ℃ in Aerobic conditions to 48 mmhg do you know eyes are switched out every month and they're roughly 225k |
| P02 system | current measurement polar Graphics electrode or Clark electrode measurement reference insane body temperature 37 ℃ anaerobic the and it's 85 to 100 mmHg used in sensors and ventilators or in blood |
| calibration | calibrate machine 2 steps every hour and one step every half hour |
| calibration buffers liquid | Pho Lee |
| liquid Cal buffer | 7.3 382 |
| liquid slope buffer | 6.838 |
| every 30 minutes | one point calibration |
| every 1 hour | two-point calibration |
| you're going to get a volt reading and then they're all access from there | |
| Cal Gas | is 5% CO2 to 12 percent and this is for PCO2 and PO2 |
| slope gas | 10% CO2 to 0% O2 gas to liquid you just abstract you need to have a humidification chamber cuz it's even advised the gas these modules are expensive as hell the wash is a detergent |
| Daily | cleaning and checking gas and fluid levels plus tubing |
| Weekly pm | check well levels of liquids bubbles per second 2 or 3 de proteining and check tubes and flow rates |
| Bi monthly | replace old films check souls on ph check the other one replace tubing on peristaltic pump |
| Annually | change all tubing |
| Co oximetry | multi wavelength, invitro oximeter |
| Co oximetry used to | analyze hemoglobin and O2 content in the blood |
| Hemoglobin | combination of protein and iron in red blood cells. It also contains pigment which supplies color to blood. 98%of O2 carried by the blood is bonded to Hb. |
| Total Hemoglobin (THb) | sum of 4 measured concentrations. Expressed in grams per 100 milliliters or deciliters. (GLDL) of whole blood. Very important in CO2 poisoning |
| Normal values of hemoglobin Males | 13.5-18 GLDl |
| Normal values of hemoglobin Females | 12.0 -16.0 GLDl |
| How to find concentration | O2Hb/THb |
| O2Hb or OHb2 or (oxyhemoglobin) | percentage of THb that combines with O2 and carries it to the tissues is functional hemoglobin |
| RHb (reduced Hb) (deoxyhemogloblin) | percentage of THb that is not attached to O2 but is available for binding, is part of functional hemoglobin |
| Functional hemoglobin | good usable hemoglobin O2Hb and RHb uses red and infrared light to find these in |
| COHb (Carboxhyemoglobin) | percentage of THB which combines with CO (carbon monoxide) Can also get it from smoking and some diseases and meds is dysfunctional hemoglobin orange wavelength |
| hemoglobin has 210 times more affinity for CO over O2 basically think like crack or sugar. | So hemoglobin only bonds with CO no oxygen. |
| Leading carbon monoxide poisoning | examples car fumes natural gas fumes, charcoal bbq pits inside a house or covered area. |
| Methemoglobin | percentage of total hemoglobin that is inactive dead hemoglobin aids drugs fertilizers and some drugs green dysfunctional hemoglobin |
| Dysfunctional hemoglobin | not working hemoglobin COHb (Carboxhyemoglobin) Methemoglobin |
| Sulfa | got to be around it for it to pull up fertilizers and causes constipation |
| 4 wavelengths co oximetry | O2 RHb COHb methemoglobin |
| Total hemoglobin | is not affected by venous blood |
| PO2 and the rest | are affected by venous bloods |
| venous blood has issues with | carbon monoxide |
| Fetus hemoglobin | survival mechanism loves oxygen. It gets rare the older you are very little by a year old cut in half by 6months. Measured in the cord blood |
| Photometer | an instrument that measures light intensity |
| Spectrophotometer | an instrument that measure absorption points of monochromatic light is an analytical instrument used to quantitatively measure the transmission or reflection of visible light, UV light or infrared light. |
| Spectrophotometers measure | intensity as a function of light source wavelength. |
| Monochrometer | device capable of breaking up white light to form a spectrum (prism diffraction gradients then sensors pick up gradients of light. |
| Wheel spin | light hits sparates |
| Troubleshooting | current goes up voltage down time to change light bulb. |
| most common to break | Wheel and light bulb |
| Name three parameters measured by a Blood Gas Analyzer. | Ph pCO2 pO2 |
| Put “Acidic,” “Alkaline,” or “Neutral” beside the following pH values. | 7.70 – Alkaline, 6.23 – Acidic, 7.00 – Neutral, 7.40 – Alkaline |
| If the atmospheric pressure is 760 mmhg and water vapor pressure is 47 mmhg, the what is the partial pressure of a gas that makes up 7 % of a mixture | 760 - 47=713x.07+49.91 |
| Which of the three parameters measured on a Blood Gas Analyzer is a “current” measurement | pO2 |
| What are the “buffers” used for | Used to calibrate ph |
| What are the “gases” used for | Used to calibrate pCO2 and pO2 |
| What temperature should the sample be at when it enters the electrode module | 37⁰C |
| Give the normal value (or range) for each of the three parameters measured on a Blood Gas Analyzer. | pO2 85 -100mmHg pCO2 38-42 mmhg blood ph 7.35-7.45 |
| Which parameter “system” uses two different physical bodies for the reference and the measurement electrodes | Ph system |
| What does “ISE” stand for | Ion Selective Electrode see slide |
| Another name for PCO2 sensor | severinghous electrode |
| another name for PO2 sensor | Clark electrode |
| 3 ways the body regulates | chemical buffer, Lungs, Kidney |
| Hypoventilation | makes the blood more acidic |
| compensated respiratory acidosis | the kidneys have kicked in are doing a balancing job with bicarb |
| Hyperventilation | blood is more basic aka respiratory alkalosis now bag keeps in co2 in pco2 is in the 20 |
Created by:
saleclair
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