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Week 2
Biomolecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organic | describe the enormous number of compounds that contain carbon, specifically C-C or C-H bonds. |
| Macromolecules | often have many subunits attached to one another or to the other chemical compounds. |
| Functional Groups | arrangements of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules. |
| Free-radical | functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. |
| Carbohydrate Compounds | contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen-usually in the ratio of 1:2:1. |
| Carbohydrates | include the substances commonly called sugars and starches. |
| Monosaccharides | simple sugar. |
| Glucose | the most important simple sugar |
| Disaccharides | double sugars: sucrose, maltose, and lactose |
| Polysaccharides | complex sugars |
| Glycogen | polymer of glucose, sometimes referred to as animal starch. |
| Lipids | water-insoluble organic biomolecules |
| Nonpolar | doesn't dissolve in water |
| Triglycerides | Fats, most abundant lipids and they function as the body's most concentrated source of energy. |
| Glycerol | unit is joined to 3 fatty acids, and the glycerol building block is the same in each fat molecule. |
| Saturated Fatty Acids | one which all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled. with hydrogen atoms. |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acids | one or more double bonds in it's hydrocarbon chain because not all the chain's carbon atoms. |
| Monounsaturated Fatty Acids | only one double carbon bond in their chain. |
| Glycerol Tricaproate | contains 3 molecules of the six carbon fatty acid caproic acid attached to a glycerol molecules. |
| Phospholipids | lipid compounds similar to triglycerides |
| Hydrophilic | "water loving", applies to the phospholipid head. |
| Hydrophobic | "water fearing", applied to the phospholipid tails |
| Cholestrol | steroid found in the plasma membrane surrounding every body cell |
| Steroids | large and important class of lipids whose molecules have as their main feature the steroid nucleus. |
| Prostaglandins | tissue hormones, lipids composed of a 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid that contains a 5-carbon ring. |
| Protein | 4 elements: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| Amino Acids | elements that make up a protein molecules are bonded together to form chemical units. |
| Peptide Bond | binds the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid |
| Primary Protein Structure | protein refers simply to the number. Kind and sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chains. |
| Secondary Protein Structure | chains are coiled or bent into pleated sheets |
| Tertiary Protein Structure | chain undergo other contortions and be further twisted, globular-shaped |
| Quaternary Protein Structure | contains clusters of more than one polypeptide chain, linked together into one gigantic molecule |
| Structural Protein | tends and ligaments are fibrous, or threadlike |
| Functional Protein | enzymes, certain protein hormones, antibodies, albumin, and hemoglobin |
| Denatures | body's proteins loses its shape |
| Nucleic Acid | survival of human as a species and survival of every other species/ polymers. |
| Nucleotides | polymers of thousand and thousands of smaller molecules |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | very important molecule composed of adenine and ribose sugar to which are attached a string of 3 phosphate groups. |
| High-Energy Bond | they are broken during catabolic chemical reactions, the energy released is used to form new compounds |
Created by:
Sandoval.Sam
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