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Clin Med 208: Drugs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What dose of Chlorpromazine will lead to retinal toxicity? | >1-2 grams/day |
What dose of Thioridazine will lead to retinal toxicity? | >800 mg/day |
Phenothiazine toxicity can cause what ocular complications? | Blurred vision, dyschromatopsia, nyctalopia, RPE alterations, geographic atrophy |
What area of retina is lost first in phenothiazine toxicity? | Photoreceptors |
What part of body do talc particles come from? | Lung |
What dose of Tamoxifen can lead to retinopathy? | 1 year of therapy with >100 grams |
What is the difference between talc and drusen? | Drusen not found IN blood vessels |
What is Chloroquine used for? | Malaria |
What is hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) used for?? | Collagen vascular diseases (lupus, RA) |
Symptoms of chloroquine/Plaquenil toxicity | Paracentral scotoma, loss of acuity, nyctalopia |
What is the pattern of atrophy and pigmenation in chloroquine/plaquenil toxicity? | Bull's Eye Pattern |
What drugs can cause CME? | Epinephrine, Latanoprost (prostaglandins), Nicotinic Acid |
What is siderosis (iron toxicity) commonly the result of? | Penetrating injury with a metallic foreign body |
Ocular symptoms of siderosis | loss of pigmentation of RPE, pale disc, attenuated retinal vessels, Iris heterochromia, Hudson-Stahli line |
Drugs causing Aminoglycoside Toxicity | Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tobramycin |
What affect do allergy medications have on the eye? | A weak, atropine-like action. Long-term use can cause anisocoria, decr.accommodation and blurred VA |
Whorl-like keratopathy is caused by what three meds? | Chloroquine, Indomethacin, Amiodarone |
People who are taking Amiodarone have risk factors for _____ | AION |
Ask patients on Anticoagulants about ___ | INR |
An INR of 2 means | close to a clot |
An INR of 3 means | too thin |
What range should INR be in? | 2-3 |
What are the ocular symptoms of antidepressants? | Blurred vision, mydriasis, photophobia, dry eye, unilateral ptosis |
Ethambutol is known to cause | unilateral or bilateral optic neuritis (also VF and color defects) |
#1 drug for scleritis | Indomethacin (Indocin) |
Ocular symptoms of Indocin | OPTIC NEURITIS, blurred vision, corneal toxicity, pseudotumor cerebri, photosensitive |
What are the ocular symptoms of Fosamax? | Inflammation occurs within 1 week of starting drug, Anterior Uveitis within 24-48 hours of use. Episcleritis and Scleritis within 1 week of use. |
Interferon is used to treat what conditions? | Leukemia, Hepatitis B and C, malignant melanoma and MS |
What signs will you see in the posterior pole as a result of Interferon treatment? | Cotton wool spots and hemorrhages |
Which type of Interferon causes more retinopathy? | alpha |
Interferon retinopathy looks like like _____ | Diabetic Retinopathy |
What is the hallmark sign of Methotrexate? | Periorbital edema (swollen lids) |
Radiation retinopathy can occur up to __ years after treatment | 7 years |
Radiation retinopathy looks like ____ | Diabetic Retinopathy |
Hallmark sign of Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)? | Severe dry eye |
Premarin/Prempro can cause what ocular symptoms? | Dry eye and pseudotumor |
Birth control pills can cause ..... | PTC, hypercoagulable state (Factor V mutation) carotid arterial dissection |
Viagra can cause what ocular symptoms? | Bluish tint to vision, photophobia, AION |
Lithium is known to cause _____ | PTC |
Side effects of radiation | trichiasis, epiphoria, ectropion, dry eye, iritis, cataract |
What are the 2 main Phenothiazine drugs? | Mellaril and Thorazine |