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GCSE Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
What is a hydrocarbon? A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
What is a homlogous series? a family of compounds that have the same general formula and similar properties but have a different number of carbons
What is the general formula for an alkane CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for an alkene CnH2n
What is a functional group? an atom or a group of atoms that are mainly responsible for a compounds chemical properties
What is the definition of a saturated molecule? a molecule that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms in a chain
Name the first four alkanes methane, ethane, propane, butane
What is the definition of a unsaturated molecule? A molecule that contains one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in a chain
Name the first 3 alkenes Ethene, Propene and Butene
What is an isomer? a molecule with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms
What is an addition reaction? A reaction in which the reactants combine to form one larger product molecule and no other products
What is an oxidation reaction A reaction in which oxygen is added to a chemical
What is complete combustion? The combustion of a hydrocarbon with enough oxygen to convert all of the fuel into carbon dioxide and water
What is incomplete combustion? When a substance partially reacts with oxygen (restricted amount) to produce soot (carbon) and carbon monoxide
How do you test for an alkene? React it with bromine water.
What is the general formula for alkenes? CnH2n
What does unsaturated means? Contains double bonds (which could become C-H bonds)
What are the first four alkenes? Ethene, propene, butene, pentene
How is the combustion of alkenes different to combustion of alkanes? Alkenes usually react by incomplete combustion so burn with smoky flames
What type of hydrocarbon are alkanes? saturated
What is a hydrocarbon? a molecule made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
What are the first four alkanes? Methane, Ethane, propane, and butane
What functional group do all alkenes contain? C=C
What is the general formula for alkanes? CnH2n+2
What is the colour change when an alkene reacts with bromine water? The bromine water turns from orange to colourless
What is the colour change when an alkane is added to bromine water? There is no colour change it remains orange.
Which substance will decolourise bromine water, propane or propene? Propene
What is produced when an alkane is combusted? carbon dioxide and water
Write a balanced equation for the combustion of methane, CH4. CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O
What is happening to the hydrocarbon when it is being combusted? It is being oxidised
Why are alkenes unsaturated compounds? They contain a C=C double bond
Why are alkanes satruated compounds? They contain no C-C double bond. They have only single bonds
How are but-1-ene and but-2-ene different? The position of the double bond. In but-1-ene between C's 1 & 2. In but-2-ene between carbons 2 & 3
Is dichloroethane a hydrocarbon? No it does not contain just carbon and hydrogen atoms. It also contains chlorine atoms.
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