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Anatomy and Phy

Key terms Health 1

QuestionAnswer
anatomy the study of the form and structure of an organism.
Physiology the study of how the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work.
Pathophysiology the study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes.
Protoplasm Basic substance of all life
Cells microscopic structures that carry on all the functions of life
cell membrane the outer protective covering of a cell
cytoplasm a semifluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus and site for all chemical reactions
organelles cell structures that help a cell to function located in the cytoplasm
nucleus a mass in the cytoplasm
nucleolus one or more small, round bodies located inside the nucleus and important to cell reproduction
chromatin located in the nucleus and made of DNA and protein, forms rodlike structures called chromosomes.
genes the total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents.
centrosome located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus
mitochondria rod shaped organelles located throughtout the cytoplasm; powerhouse or furnaces of the cell
golgi apparatus a stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm; produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum a fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm that allows for transport of materials in and out of the nucleus
vacuoles pouchlike structures found throughtout the cytoplasm;they are filled with a watery substance, stored food, or waste products.
lysosomes oval or round bodis found throughtout the cytoplasm; contain digestive enzymes
pinocytic vesciles pocketlike folds in the cell membrane that allow large molecules to enter the cell
mitosis a form of asexual reproduction
meiosis process in which sex cells divide
stem cells have the ability to transform themselves into any of the body's specialized cells and perform different functions
tissue cells of the ssame type joined together for a common purpose
dehydraion insufficient fluids
edema swelling of the tissues due to too much fluids
epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body ad main tissue in the skin
connective tissue supporting fabric of organs and other body parts
nerve tissue made up of special cells called neurons and controls and coordinates body activities via messages throughout the body
muscle tissue produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers
organ two or more tissue joined together to perform a specific function
system organs and other body parts joined together to perform a particular function
Created by: maydelin
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