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CC3,4H SC 3,4H
Pearson GCSE Combined and Separate Science Chemistry Higher
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How big is an atom on average | 1 x10-10 m in diameter |
| What is the relative mass, relative charge and location of a proton | mass= 1, charge = +1, location= nucleus |
| What is the relative mass, relative charge and location of a neutron | mass= 1, charge = 0, location = nucleus |
| What is the relative mass, relative charge and location of an electron | mass= 1/1835 (negligible), charge = -1, location = shells |
| How much smaller is the nucleus compared to the size of the atom | the nuclues is about 100,000 times smaller in diameter |
| What is atomic number? | atomic number is the number at the bottom of the elements on the periodic table and is equal to the number of protons and electrons |
| What is atomic mass | the top number of the elements and is equal to the toal number of protons and neutrons |
| How many electrons are held in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd shells maximum? | 1st= 2, 2nd= 8 and 3rd= 8 |
| What is an isotope? | an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| What is relative atomic mass | the weighted average mass of all the isotopes of an atom compared to an atom of Carbon-12 atom |
| What is isotopic abundance | the percentage of an element that is made of a particular isotope |
| What is the equation to calculate relative atomic mass | total mass of atoms/ number of atoms |
| Describe characteristics of daltons model of atoms | tiny hard spheres, cannot be broken down, cant be created of destroyed, atoms of an element are identical, different elements are made of different atoms |
| Describe Thompsons model | Atoms contain electrons that are free to move about a positively charged atom |
| Describe rutherfords experiment | fired alpha particles at gold leaf and most passed through, some were scattered |
| What was rutherford conclusion | scattered alpha particles hit the nucleus and most past through the atom There the nucleus is very small |
| Describe Bohr model of atoms | a small positive nucleus surrounded by shell of electrons |
| State the three subatomic particles | Protons, neutrons, electrons |
| State the masses of the subatomic particles | Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: 0 |
| State the relative charges of the subatomic particles | Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1 |
| How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom? | Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells |
| What is the mass number of an atom? | The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom |
| How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? | Mass number - atomic number |
| What is the mass and charge of a neutron? | Mass = 1 Charge =0 |
| Why do atoms have no overall charge? | Because they have the same number of electrons as protons so the charges cancels each other out |
| How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of the atom? | Nucleus is very small |
| How can you calculate relative atomic mass given isotopes masses and abundances? | (mass 1 x abundance) + (mass2 x abundance) / 100 |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers |
| What are the similarities and differences between isotopes? | Same number of electrons and protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Sodium has a mass number of 23, and an atomic number of 11 How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 neutrons |
| Aluminium has a mass number of 27, and an atomic number of 13How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 13 protons, 13 electrons, 14 neutrons |
| What makes an atom a particular type of atom? | Each type of atom has a number of protons, a different number of protons would make something a different type of atom |
| What are some of the values for relative atomic mass not whole numbers? | They are the average mass of an atom of that isotope, there are several kinds each present in a different amount So the average is not a whole number |
| How do you work out the mass number of an element? | no protons + no Neutrons |
| What do you do when asked to compare 2 atoms given atomic number and mass number? | State how many electrons, protons and neutrons they both have |
| Neon has a mass number of 20, and an atomic number of 10 How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 10 protons, 10 electrons, 10 neutrons |
| Nitrogen has a mass number of 14, and an atomic number of 7 How many electrons, protons and neutrons? | 7 protons, 7 electrons, 7 neutrons |
| What is the atomic number of an atom? | The number of protons in an atom |
| What can the period tell you about the electrons in an atom? | How many shells an atom has Egcarbon is in the second period so has two shells Why did Mendeleev put some elements in groups? |
| What did Mendeleev put the elements in order of? | Increasing atomic mass |
| How is the modern periodic table organised? | In order of increasing atomic number |
| Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table? | For elements that had not been discovered yet |
| What are groups in the periodic table? | The columns, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0 |
| What can the group tell you about the electrons in an atom? | How many electrons in the outer shell eg carbon is in group 4 so has 4 electrons in the outer shell |
| How are the electrons arranged in atoms? | Orbiting the nucleus in shells |
| Where are the metals found on the periodic table? | on the left hand side |
| How many electrons does calcium have? | 20 (same as atomic number!) |
| How many electrons does silicon have? | 14 (same as atomic number!) |
| How are the electrons in sulphur arranged? | 2,8,6 (18 electrons total) |
| How are the electrons in magnesium arranged? | 2,8,2 (12 electrons total) |
| How many electrons are in the outer shell of boron? | 3 (it is in group 3!) |
| How many electrons are in the outer shell of phosphorous? | 5 (it is in group 5!) |
| How many electrons are in the outer shell of sodium? | 1(it is in group 1!) |
| An element has three shells and three electrons in the outer shell What element is it? | Aluminium (group 3, period 3) |
| How many electrons are in the outer shell of Gallium? | 3(it is in group 3!) |
| Write the two ways in which Dmitri Mendeleev ordered his periodic table? | By increasing atomic mass with some elements switched according to their properties |
| What chemical properties did Mendeleev use group the elements? | The reaction with acid and the formula of the oxide |
| What physics properties did Mendeleev use group the elements? | Melting point and density |
| Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table? | He left gaps where no known element fitted and predicted these would be filled with newly discovered elements |
| What was the conclusion of Mosely’s experiment | The atomic number is the number of protons in the atom |
| Why did Mendeleev switch the order of Argon and Potassium from their order of atomic mass? | So they had similar properties to elements in the same group |
| Write the electronic configuration of oxygen which has an atomic number of 8 | 2,6 |
| Write the electronic configuration of chlorine which has an atomic number of 17 | 2,8,7 |
| Write the electronic configuration of potassium which has an atomic number of 19 | 2,8,8,1 |
| What does the group number that an element is in tell you about the elements electronic configuration? | The number of electrons in the outer shell |
| What does the period that an element is in tell you about the elements electronic configuration? | The number of electron shells in atoms of that element |
| How many electrons can go in the first shell? How many in the second shell? | 2 = 1st shell, 9 = second shell |
| Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his table? | He left gaps where no known element fitted and predicted these would be filled with newly discovered elements |
| Why did the discovery of Gallium support Mendeleev’s theories? | Gallium’s properties matched the properties that he predicted |
| Why did Mendeleev switch the order of Iodine and Tellurium from their order of atomic mass? | So they had similar properties to elements in the same group |
| How are the elements in the modern periodic table ordered? | In order of atomic number |
| Write the electronic configuration of carbon which has an atomic number of 6 | 2,4 |
| Write the electronic configuration of phosphorous which has an atomic number of 15 | 2,8,5 |
| Write the electronic configuration of calcium which has an atomic number of 20 | 2,8,8,2 |
| Sodium is in group 1 of the periodic table How many electrons does sodium have its outer shell? | 1 |
| Fluorine is in group 7 of the periodic table How many electrons does Fluorine have in its outer shell? | 7 |
| Caesium is in the sixth period of the periodic table what does that tell you about the number of electron shells in Caesium atoms | It has six shells |
| Magnesium is in the third period of the periodic table what does that tell you about the number of electron shells in Magnesium atoms | It has three shells |
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Davenant Foundation School
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