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Earth surface

chapter 1

TermDefinition
uniformitarianism the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.
erosion he process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
weathering wear away or change the appearance or texture of (something) by long exposure to the air.
mechanical weather The type of weathering in which the rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
chemical weathering the erosion or disintegration of rocks, building materials, etc., caused by chemical reactions (chiefly with water and substances dissolved in it) rather than by mechanical processes.
abrasion the process of scraping or wearing something away.
frost wedging Process that splits rocks when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
oxidation A chemical change in which substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes forming rust.
permeable Characteristics of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pore that water can seep through easily.
soil the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.
bed rock Rock that makes the earths crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.
humus the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
fertility a measure of how well soil supports plat growth.
loam rich fertile soil that is mad up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
pH scale a range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; express the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
soil horizon a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above and below it
top soil the top layer of soil.
subsoil the soil lying immediately under the surface soil.
decomposer an organism that get energy by breaking down wastes and dead organism, and returns the materials to the soil and water.
natural resources Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use.
soil conservation the management of soil to limit its destruction.
crop rotation the panting of different crops each year to maintain the soils fertility.
contour plowing plowing the fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.
conservation plowing soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous years crops are plowed into the ground.
Created by: bev13390
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