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Operating Systems
Terms for Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Operating System ( OS) | Software that controls a computer. An OS controls how system resources are used, and it provides a user interface, a way of managing handwork and software, and ways to work with files. |
| Windows 10 | The latest Microsoft operating system for personal computers and tablets and an upgrade to Windows 8. |
| Windows 8.1 | A free update or release of Windows 8.1 operating system. |
| Graphical user Interface ( GUI) | An interface that uses graphics as opposed to a command- driven interface. |
| taskbar | A bar normally located at the bottom of the Windows desktop that displays information about open programs ans provides quick to others. |
| live tiles | On the Windows 10 Start menu or the Windows 8 Start screen, tiles used by some apps to offer continuous real-time updates. |
| notification area | An area to the right of the taskbar that holds the icons for running services; these services include the volume control and network connectivity. Also call the system tray or systray. |
| system tray | An application running on a screen that can display small icons provided by running application, gmail icon when you have new mail. |
| systray | A section of the taskbar in the Microsoft Windows desktop user Interface that is used to display the clock and the icons of certain programs so that a user is continually reminded that they are there and can easily click one of them. |
| Service | A program that runs in the background to support or serve Windows or an application. |
| Cortana | A Windows 10 voice-enabled digital assistant and search feature. |
| pinning | Making a frequently used application more accessible by adding its icon to the taskbar on the desktop. |
| File Explorer | The windows 10/8 utility used to view and manage files and folders. |
| notepad | A text editing program. |
| Action Center | A tool in Windows 8/7 that lists errors and issues that need attention |
| Task View | A windows 10 feature used to create and manage multiple desktops. |
| modern interface | In Windows 10/8, an interface that presents the windows 10 live tiles and their apps or the Windows 8 Start screen to the user. In Windows 8, it was called the Metro User Interface or Metro UI. |
| Metro User Interface | The computer draws interface components on the screen, Like windows, scroll bar, menus, buttons, and icons. |
| Start Screen | In Windows 8, a screen with tiles that represent lean apps, which use few system resources and are designed for social media, social networking, and the novice end user. |
| charm bar | A menu that appears on the right side of any Windows 8 screen when you move your pointer to the right corner. |
| charm | A Windows 8 shortcut that appears in the charms bar. |
| Aero user interface | the Windows 7 interface that gives windows a transparent, glassy appearance. Also called Aero glass or Aero interface. |
| gadgets | a mini-app that appears on the Windows 7 desktop. |
| Windows Explorer | The Windows 7 utility used to view and manage files and folders. Compare with File Explorer. |
| Branchache | A Windows feature to optimize content on a WAN by caching the content on local servers for better access. |
| Media Center | In some editions of Windows 8/7, a digital video recorder and media player: it is not available in Windows10. |
| root directory | The main directory, at the top of the top-down hierarchical structure of sub-directories, created when a hard drive or disk is first formatted. In Linux, it's indicated by a forward slash. In windows, it's indicated by a backward slash. |
| subdirectories | A directory or folder contained in another directory or folder. Also called a child directory or folder. |
| child directories | Term use for describe the relationship between a sub-directory and the directory in which it is cataloged. |
| folders | A digital folder has the same purpose as a physical folder-to store documents. |
| path | A drive and list of directories pointing to a file, such as C:\Windows\System32. |
| file name | The first of the name assigned, a file name can be up to 255 characters to a file, which does not include the file extension. In Windows |
| File extension | A portion of the file name that indicates how the file is organized or formatted. The type of content in the file and what program uses the file. The extension follows the file name and is separated from it by a period like, in Msd.exe, exe is the file e |
| navigation pane | In File Explorer or Windows Explorer, a pane on the left side of the window where devices, drives, and folders are listed. Double -click an item to drill down into it. |
| compressed (zipped) folder | A folder with a .zip extension that contains compressed files. When files are put in the folder, they are compressed. When files are moved to a regular folder, they are decompressed. |
| Recycle Bin | A location on the hard drive where deleted files are stored. |
| control panel | A window containing several small utility programs called applets that are used to manage hardware, software, users, and the system. |
| Category view | The default view in Control Panel that presents utilities grouped by category. |
| Classic view | A view in Control Panel that presents utilities as small or large icons that are not grouped. |
| Sound applet | An applet accessed through Control Panel to select a default speaker and microphone and adjust how Windows handles sounds. |
| Network and Sharing Center | The primary Windows 10/8/7 utility used to manage network connections. |
| File Explorer Options applet | The Windows 10 applet used to determine how files and folders are displayed in File Explorer. In Windows 8/7, the applet is called Folder Options. |
| Folder Options applet | In Windows 8/7, an applet accessed through Control Panel that manages how files and folders are displayed in File Explorer or Windows Explorer. Compare with File Explorer Options applet. |
| Power Options applet | An applet accessed through Control Panel that Manages power settings to conserve power. |
| sleep mode | A power-saving state for a computer when it is not in use. Also called standby mode or suspend mode.. |
| standby mode | Same as sleep mode but has a small amount of current, while it in standby CPU, video card, and harddrive is not running |
| suspend mode | low-power computer setting that helps reduce electrical power consumption by shutting down devices that are not in use. |
| Hibernation | A power-saving state that saves all work to the hard drive and powers down the system. |
| sleep timers | The number of minutes of inactivity before a computer goes into a power-saving state such as sleep mode. |
| System window | A window that displays brief but important information about installed hardware and software and gives access to important Windows tools needed to support the system. |
| 32-bit operating system | A type of operating system that processes 32 bits at a time. |
| 64-bit operating system | A type of operating system that processes 64 bits at a time. |
| System Information | A Windows tool (Msinfo32.exe) that provides details about a system, including installed hardware and software, the current system configuration, and currently running programs. |
| Settings app | In Windows 10, an app to view and change many Windows settings. |
| peer-to-peer (P2P) | As applied to networking, a network of computers that are all equals, or peers. Each computer has the same amount of authority, and can act as a server to the other computers. |
| physical topology | The physical arrangement of connections between computers. |
| logical topology | The logical way computers connect on a network. |
| workgroup | In Windows, a logical group of computers and user in which administration, resources, and security are distributed throughout the network without centralized management or security. |
| homegroup | In Windows 8/7, a type of peer-to-peer network where each computers in the homegroup. Access to the homegroup is secured using a homegroup password. Windows 10 does not support a homegroup, as it is considered a security risk. |
| library | A collection of one or more folders that can be stored on different local drives or on the network . |
| domain | In Windows, a logical group of networked computers, such as those on a college campus, that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security. |
| Active Directory ( AD) | A suite of services and database provided by Windows Server that is used to manage Windows domains, including five groups of services: Domian Services, Certificate Services, Federation Services, Rights Management, and Lightweight Directory Services. |
| domain user account | An account assigned to a user by Active Directory that identifies the user and defines user rights on the domain. Also called network ID. |
| Azure Active Directory ( Azure AD) | Microsoft domain services managed by Microsoft servers in the cloud. Windows 10 business and professional editions support joining an Azure domain. |
| BYOD experience | A Microsoft feature that allows a personal device to join an Azure domain and access corporate resources on the domain. |
| call tracking software | A system that tracks the dates, times, and transactions of help-desk or on=site IT support calls, including the problem presented, the issues addressed, who did what, and when and how each all was resolved. |
| ticket | An entry in call-tracking system made by the person who receives a call for help. A ticket is used to track and document actions taken, and it stays open until the issue is resolved. |
| escalate | To assign a problem to someone higher in the support chain of an organization. This action is normally recorded in call tracking software. |
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