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Apologia Chem M 2A

Atoms and Molecules, up through Dalton

QuestionAnswer
Chemists believe that if you can break matter down into its fundamental components and learn everything there is to learn about those components, then you will know everything there is to know about matter.
continuous theory of matter theory that substances were composed of long, unbroken blobs of matter
Democritus Greek philosopher, 460-370 BC, proposed the discontinuous theory of matter after walking along the beach
discontinuous theory of matter proposed that matter is composed of tiny individual particles
Antoine Lavoisier late 1700s, considered to be founder of modern chemistry, developed theory that led to development of the Law of Mass Conservation
law of mass conservation matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms
qualitative measurements not exact amounts
quantitative measurements measurements that are made as precisely as possible
decomposition the process by which a substance is broken down into its constituent parts
elements any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler components
periodic table of elements a compilation of the most important information about each element, placed into an organized system
technetium first artificially created element, created in 1937
metals found to the left of the jagged line; are usually malleable, have luster, and are able to conduct electricity
nonmetals found to the right of the jagged line; typically brittle, lack luster, and do not conduct electricity
Even though hydrogen is left of the jagged line, it is always considered a nonmetal.
metalloids have some metallic properties and some nonmetal properties
compounds substances that can be decomposed into elements by chemical means
the law of definite proportions the proportion of elements in any compound is always the same
the law of multiple proportions if 2 elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of masses of the second element that reacts with a fixed mass of the first element will be a simple, whole-number ratio
Created by: MrsHough
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