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ABRSM Music Terms

Music Terms for ABRSM exams Grades 1-4

TermDefinition
accelerando or accel. gradually getting quicker
adagio slow
allegretto fairly quick (but not as quick as allegro)
allegro quick (literally “cheerful”)
andante at a medium (“walking”) speed
cantabile in a singing style
crescendo or cresc. gradually getting louder
da capo or D.C. repeat from the beginning
dal segno or D.S. repeat from the sign
decrescendo or decresc. gradually getting quieter
diminuendo or dim. gradually getting quieter
fine the end
f or forte loud
ff or fortissimo very loud
legato smoothly
lento slow
mezzo half
mf or mezzo forte moderately loud (“half loud”)
mp or mezzo piano moderately quiet (“half quiet”)
moderato moderately (allegro moderato: moderately quick)
p or piano quiet
pp or pianissimo very quiet
poco a little
rallentando or rall. gradually getting slower
ritardando or ritard. or rit. gradually getting slower
ritenuto or riten. or rit. held back, slower (immediately, not gradually)
staccato or stacc. detached
tempo speed, time
a at, to, by, for, in, in the style of
al, alla to the, at the, in the manner of
allargando broadening (getting a little slower and probably a little louder)
andantino slightly faster than andante
assai very
con, col with
dolce sweet, soft
e, ed and
espressivo or espress. or espr. expressive
fp or fortepiano loud, then immediately soft
giocoso playful, merry
grave very slow, solemn
grazioso graceful
larghetto rather slow (but not as slow as largo)
largo slow, stately
ma but
maestoso majestic
meno less
molto very, much
Mosso, moto movement
non not
più more
presto fast (faster than allegro)
senza without
sf, or sfz or sforzando or sforzato forced, accented
simile or sim. in the same way
sostenuto sustained
tenuto held
troppo too much
vivace, vivo lively, quick
adagietto rather slow (but faster than adagio)
ad libitum, ad lib. at choice, meaning that a passage may be played freely
agitato agitated
alla breve with a minim beat, implying a faster tempo than the note values might otherwise suggest
amore love (loving)
anima soul, spirit (with feeling or spirited)
animato animated, lively (becoming more lively)
ben well
brio vigour (with vigour)
comodo convenient (at a comfortable speed)
deciso with determination
delicato delicate
energico energetic
forza force
largamente broadly
leggiero light, nimble
marcato or marc. emphatic, accented
marziale in a military style
mesto sad
pesante heavy
prima, primo first
risoluto bold, strong
ritmico rhythmically
rubato, tempo rubato with some freedom of time
scherzando, scherzoso playful, joking
secondary, secondo second
semplice simple, plain
sempre always
stringendo gradually getting faster
subito suddenly
tanto so much
tranquillo calm
triste, tristamente sad, sorrowful
volta time (prima volta: first time)
afferruoso tenderly
affrettando hurrying
amabile amiable, pleasant
appassionato with passion
calando getting softer, dying away
cantando singing
come as, similar to (come prima: as before)
facile easy
fuoco fire
giusto proper, exact
l’istesso the same
morendo dying away
niente nothing
nobilmente nobly
perdendosi dying away
possibile possible (presto possibile:as fast as possible)
quasi as if, resembling
sonoro resonant, with rich tone
sopra above
sotto below, under
veloce swift
voce voice
à to, at (Italian: a)
animé animated, lively
assez enough, sufficiently, rather; assez vite: rather quick
avec with (Italian: con)
cédez yield, relax the speed
douce sweet (Italian: dolce)
en dehors outside, emphasised, prominent
et and (Italian: e / ed)
légèrement light (Italian: leggiero)
lent slow (Italian: lento)
mais but (Italian: ma)
moins less (Italian: meno)
modéré at a moderate speed (Italian: moderato)
non not
peu little (Italian: poco)
plus more (Italian: più)
presser or pressez hurry; en pressant: hurrying on (Italian: affretando)
ralentir slow down (Italian: ralentando)
retenu held back; en retenant: holding back (Italian: ritenuto)
sans without (Italian: senza)
très very (similar to Italian: assai)
un or une one
vif lively (Italian: vivace / vivo)
vite quick (Italian: allegro)
Created by: JenBeech
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