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Sport 1.3

1.3 Know about the components of fitness and the principles of training

TermDefinition
aerobic endurance The ability of the cardiorespiratory system to work efficiently over a period of time to supply nutrients and oxygen to working muscles.
muscular endurance The ability of the muscular system to work efficiently over a period of time against a light to moderate fixed resistance.
flexibility Having an adequate range of motion in all joints of the body.
speed Distance travelled divided by time taken, measured in metres per second.
accelerative speed Speed in sprints up to 30 metres.
pure speed Speed in sprints up to 60 metres.
speed endurance Speed in sprints with a short recovery period in-between.
muscular strength The maximum force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group.
body composition The relative ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass in the body.
agility The ability of a sports performer to quickly and precisely move or change direction without losing balance or time.
balance The ability to maintain centre of mass over a base of support. It can be static or dynamic.
static balance The ability to balance while stationary.
dynamic balance The ability to balance whilst in motion or switching positions.
coordination The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently.
power The combined product of strength and speed.
reaction time The time taken to respond to a stimulus.
intensity The ..... of training is often measured by heart rate in beats per minute (bpm).
maximum heart rate This measurement can be estimated as 220 bpm minus age in years.
recommended training zone This is set at 60-85% of maximum heart rate for cardiovascular training.
adaptation The body’s increased ability to cope with the demands of training.
progressive overload The principle that training needs to be made progressively more demanding in order to cause adaptation.
rest and recovery This is required for adaptation to occur, in order to give the body time make physical adaptations.
reversibility The loss of desired adaptation to training, when it is stopped for too long or is not demanding enough.
Created by: IL400
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