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Terms
Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Integumentary | Covers the body and protects it (skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands) |
| Skeletal | Protects the body and provides support for locomotion and movement (bones, cartilage, and ligaments) |
| Nervous | Receives stimuli, integrates information, and coordinates the body functions (brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs) |
| Endocrine | Chemically coordinates and integrates the activities of the body (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and other ductless glands) |
| Muscular | Permits the body movement (skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle) |
| Digestive | Digests food and absorbs soluble nutrients from indigested food (teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas) |
| Respiratory | Collects oxygen and exchanges it for carbon dioxide (lungs, pharynx, trachea, and other air passages) |
| Circulatory | Transports cells and materials throughout the body (heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymph structures) |
| Immune | Removes foreign chemicals and microorganisms from the bloodstream (T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages; lymph structures) |
| Urinary | Removes metabolic wastes from the bloodstream (kidney, bladder, and associated ducts) |
| Reproductive | Produces sex cells for the next generation (testes, ovaries, and associated reproductive structures) |
| Medial | Middle of body |
| Lateral | Sides of body |
| Distal | Away from middle (hands, feet) |
| Ventral (anterior) | Front of body |
| Dorsal (posterior) | Back of body |
| Proximal | In between (thighs, shoulders) |
| Superior (cranial, cephalic) | Top of body (neck, head) |
| Inferior (caudal) | Bottom of body (below the waist) |
| Ipsilateral | On the same side of the body |
| Contralateral | On the opposite side of the body |
| Superficial | Toward the surface of the body |
| Deep | Away from the surface of the body |
| Sagittal plane | Verticle plane dividing the body into right and left sides |
| Midsagittal plane | Divides the body into equal right and left halves |
| Parasagittal plane | divides the body into unequal right and left halves |
| Frontal (coronal) plane | Verticle plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| Transverse (horizontal) plane | divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | located along the posterior (dorsal) surface of the body. Subdivided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. |
| Cranial Cavity | houses the brain |
| Spinal Cavity | Houses the spinal cord |
| Ventral Body Cavity | located on the anterior (ventral) aspect of the body. Subdivided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. |
| Thoracic Cavity | surrounded by ribs and muscles of the chest an is further subdivided into the left and right pleural cavities, each having a lung. Also has the pericardial cavity which is medial to the pleural cavities. |
| Mediastinum | part of the pericardial cavity. Includes all contents of the thoracic cavity expect the lungs (heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, bronchi and many blood and lymphatic vessels) |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity (peritoneal cavity) | Separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. Includes visceral organs of the abdomen and pelvis. |
| Abdominal Subdivision | Stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs. |
| Pelvic Subdivision | Bladder, certain reproductive organs and the rectum. |
| Umbilical Region | Center of abdomen |
| Epigastric Region | immediately superior to the umbilical region |
| Hypogastric Region | immediately inferior to the umbilical region |
| Hypochondriac Regions (left and right) | Lateral to the epigastric region |
| Lumbar Regions (left and right) | lateral to the umbilical region |
| Inguinal (iliac) Regions (left and right) | lateral to the hypogastric region |
| Serous Membrane | covers the walls of the ventral body cavity |
| Serous Fluid | permits the organs to slide easily across cavity walls and by one another without causing friction. |
| Pleura Membrane | lines the pleural cavities |
| Pericardium Membrane | lines the heart |
| Peritoneum Membrane | surrounds some abdominopelvic organs and covers parts of others |
| Parietal Layer | lines a cavity |
| Visceral Layer | covers an organ |
Created by:
brandydenton
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