click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbiology
FA complete review part 3 Mycoses and Parasites
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Systemic mycoses, all this can cause: | Pneumonia and can disseminate |
All mycoses are: | Dimorphic fungi |
Which is the only systemic mycoses that is not eyats at 37 Celcius? | Coccidioides |
Systemic mycoses are ________________ at 20 C. | Mold |
At 37 C, all systemic mycoses are in _____________ form. | Yeast |
What is a common characteristic between systemic mycoses and TB? | Can form granules |
What i the treatment for local infections of systemic mycoses? | Fluconazole or Itraconazole |
Disseminated infection of a systemic mycoses is treated with: | Amphotericin B |
What is the Endemic location of Histoplasmosis? | Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys |
What is the pathologic features of Histoplasmosis? | Macrophage is filled with Histoplasma |
Which systemic mycose is smaller than RBC? | Histoplasma |
Histoplasma is often associated with: | Bird or bat droppings |
What are the unique clinical signs of Histoplasmosis? | Palatal/ tongue ulcers, and splenomegaly |
Person with oral ulcer. Which is the most likely responsible systemic mycoses? | Histoplasma |
What is nte endemic region of Blastomycosis cases? | Eastern and Central United States |
Broad-based budding of Blastomyces | Pathologic features of Blastomycosis |
What are the unique signs of Blastomycosis? | Inflammatory lung disease, can disseminate to skin/bone. Verrucous skin lesions can stimulate SCC Forms granulomatous nodules |
What systemic mycoses is same size as RBC? | Blastomyces |
Endemic region of Coccidioidomycosis? | Southwestern US, and California |
Pathologic features of Coccidioidomycosis? | Spherule filled with endospores of Coccidioides |
Endospores association with which systemic mycosis? | Coccidioidomycosis |
Coccidioides is ________________________ than an RBC. | Much larger |
"Captain's wheel" | Paracoccidioidomycosis |
Latin America Is the endemic region for cases of whcat type f systemic mycosis? | Paracoccidioidomycosis |
Paracoccidioidomycosis is more ofnen in ___________ than _______. | Males >>> Females |
Which two systemic mycoses are much larger than an RBC? | Paracoccidioides and Coccidioides |
What are the most common dermatophytes? | Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton |
Branching hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain. Associated with pruritus. | Dermatophytes |
What area of the body is Tinea capitis referred to? | Head and scalp |
What are the associated conditions or symptoms of Tinea capitis? | Lymphadenopathy, alopecia, and scaling. |
Tinea corporis occurs on the _______________. | Torso |
What are some characteristics by Tinea corporis? | Erythematous scaling ringins ("ringworm") and central clearing |
What type of Tinea occurs in the inguinal area? | Tinea cruris |
What are the varieties of Tinea pedis? | 1. Interdigital 2. Moccasin distribution 3. Vesicular type |
Associated to Tinea ungutum? | Onychomycosis; occurs on nails |
Which cutaneous mycoses occurs in the nails? | Tinea ungutum |
What causes Tinea (Pityriasis) versicolor? | Malassezia spp |
"Spaghetti and meatballs" appearance on microscopy. | TInea (pityriasis) versicolor |
What is the MC treatment of Tinea versicolor? | Selenium sulfide, topical and/or oral antifungal medications |
List of Opportunistic fungal infections: | 1. Candida albicans 2. Aspergillus fumigatus 3. Cryptococcus neoformans 4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp. 5. Pneumocystis jirovecii 6. Sporothrix schenckii |
alba = | white |
Which opportunistic fungal infection forms a pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20 C , germ tus at 37 C. | Candida albicans |
A candida albicans in immunocompromised usually causes: | Oral and Esophageal thrush |
What type of patients get a vulvovaginitis by c. albicans infection? | Diabetics and those with of antibiotics |
What condition/patients have increased risk of disseminated candidiasis? | Neutropenic patients |
What are some pathologic associations with c. albicans? | - Oral and Esophageal thrush - Vulvovaginitis - Diaper rash - Endocarditis (IV drug users) - Disseminated candidiasis - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis |
WHat is the most treatment for vaginal c. .albicans infections? | Oral fluconazole/topical azole |
Oral/esophageal thrush candidiasis is treated with: | Nystatin, fluconazole, or echinocandins |
Systemic disseminated candidiasis is treated with: | Fluconazole, echinocandins, and amphotericin B |
Monomorphic septate hyphae that branch at 45 Acute angle. | Aspergillus fumigatus |
Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised causes: | Neutrophil dysfunction |
What is the associated risk of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in those with TB history? | Aspergillosis in pre-existing lung cavities |
What is produced by Aspergillus fumigatus that is associated with development of Hepatocellular carcinoma? | Aflatoxins |
WHat is ABPA? | Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
What is the pathogenesis of ABPA? | Hypersensitivity response associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis; may cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia. |
45 degree angle sepate? | Aspergillus fumigatus |
Aflatoxins are associated with which opportunistic fungus? | Aspergillus fumigatus |
Fungal opportunistic infection with narrow budding? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
Narrow budding, heavy encapsulated yeast, not dimorphic, and found in soil and pigeon droppings? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
How is Cryptococcus neoformans mostly found? | In soil and bird droppings |
C. neoformans travels via the blood system into the ____________. | Meninges |
What agar is used to culture C. neoformans? | Sabouraud agar |
Which opportunistic fungus is highlighted with India ink, creating a clear halo? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
What are pathologies caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection? | 1. Cryptococcosis 2. Cryptococcal meningitis 3. Cryptococcal encephalitis |
"Soap bubbles" in the brain of an AIDS patient? | Cryptococcus neoformans infection |
What is the treatment for Cryptococcal meningitis? | Amphotericin B + Flucytosine |
Description of Mucor and Rhizopus spp. | Irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles |
Ir septate is at wide angles, which is the most common opportunistic fungal infection reference? | Mucor and Rhizopus spp |
Acute angle branching of septate is seen with______________ opportunistic fungal infection. | Aspergillus fumigatus |
What is the most common pathology caused by Mucor and Rhizopus spp infection? | Mucormycosis |
What patients are at increased risk of Mucormycosis? | Ketoacidotic diabetic and/or neutropenic patients |
After Mucor and Rhizopus species proliferate in the blood vessel walls, what is the course of the infection followed by? | Penetrate Cribriform plate and then enter the brain. |
Areas affected by CNS mucor and rhizopus infection? | Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
What are clinical signs of Mucor and Rhizopus infection? | Headache, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face, with or without cranial nerve involvement. |
Black necrotic eschar in face is most commonly associated with which opportunistic fungal infection? | Mucor and Rhizopus spp infection |
What is the indicated treatment for Mucor and Rhizopus spp infection? | Surgical debridement and then amphotericin B or isavuconazole |
What is the abbreviation for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia? | PCP |
What is PCP? | Pneumocystis pneumonia, a diffuse interstitial pneumonia, caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. |
What is CRX/CT description of PCP? | Diffuse, BILATERAL ground-glass, opacities, with pneumatoceles. |
Disc-shaped yeast seen in methenamine silver stain of lung tissue. Dx? | PCP |
What is the treatment for PCP? | TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone (prophylaxis only), and atovaquone. |
What is the drug used for PCP prophylaxis? | Dapsone |
Prophylaxis treatment in AIDS patient for PCP starts when CD4+ T cell count drops below: | 200 cells/mm3 |
What fungal organism causes Sporotrichosis? | Sporothrix schenckii |
What is the description of Sporothrix schenckii? | Dimorphic, cigar-shaped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia; |
Which fungal organism lives in vegetation? | Sporothrix schenckii |
What disease is due to trauma (break of skin) by a thorn with S. schenckii? | Rose gardener's disease |
What is the treatment for Rose Gardener's disease? | Itraconazole or Potassium iodide |
S. schenckii infection is drains along with lymphatics causing? | Ascending lymphangitis |
Most common Protozoal GI infectious organisms are: | Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium |
What disease is caused by Giardia lamblia? | Giardiasis |
What is Giardiasis? | Infection with Giardia lamblia; bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea |
Which type of people are often at higher risk of Giardiasis? | Campers and/or hikers |
What is the treatment for Giardia lamblia infection? | Metronidazole |
How is the diagnosis of Giardiasis made? | Multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool, antigen detection |
Oocysts in water. Transmission of? | Cryptosporidium |
What is the mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica? | Cysts in water |
What disease is due to Entamoeba histolytica infection? | Amebiasis |
What is the clinical presentation of Amebiasis? | Bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess ("anchovy paste" exudate), RUQ pain |
What is the histology of Entamoeba histolytica? | Colon biopsy shows flask-shaped ulcers |
What is the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia? | Metronidazole |
Severe diarrhea in AIDS due to Protozoal GI infection? | Cryptosporidium |
Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium | Oocysts on acid-fast stain , antigen detection |
Cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool. Dx? | Entamoeba histolytica |
Trophozoites with engulfed RBCs in the cytoplasm? | Entamoeba histolytica |
What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium for healthy individuals? | Nitazoxanide |
Filtering city water supplies is a mode of prevention of what organism infection? | Cryptosporidium |
Protozoa-- CNS infection list: | 1. Toxoplasma gondii 2. Naegleria fowleri 3. Trypanosoma brucei |
Mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii | 1. Cysts in meat (most common); 2. Oocysts in cat feces |
Why do pregnant women should avoid contact with cat feces? | May be contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts which can cross the placenta |
What is congenital toxoplamois presented? | Triad of: 1. Chorioretinitis 2. Hydrocephalus 3. Intracranial calcifications |
Tachyzoite, often seen to diagnose infection with: | Toxoplasma gondii |
What is the treatment for Toxoplasma gondii infection? | Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine |
Sulfadiazine co administer with Pyrimethamine. Most likely infection? | Toxoplasmosis |
Brain abscesses; seen as multiple enhancing ring lesions on MRI. Dx? | Toxoplasmosis |
What are the labs seen by Toxoplasma infection to a immunocompetent individual? | 1. Mononucleosis-like symptoms 2. (-) heterophile antibody test |
Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis is caused by an infection with: | Naegleria fowleri |
Amoebas in CSF is diagnostic for infection with: | Naegleria fowleri |
Where is the typical place/area for a possible Naegleria fowleri infection? | Swimming in warm freshwater |
What is "freshwater"? | Water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, underground streams, and other sources. |
Infection with Trypanosoma brucei causes which disease? | African sleeping sickness |
What organism causes African sleeping sickness? | Trypanosoma brucei |
What is "African sleeping sickness"? | Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, and coma due to T. brucei infection |
Reason for recurring fever in African sleeping sickness? | Due to antigenic variation |
What is the transmission mode of Trypanosoma brucei? | Tsetse fly, a painful bit |
How is the diagnosis for Trypanosoma brucei infection made? | Trypomastigote in blood smear |
What is the treatment for blood-borne Trypanosoma brucei infection? | Suramin |
Melarsoprol is used for: | Treatment of Trypanosoma brucei infection for CNS penetration |
What are the main two protozoa that cause hematological infections? | Plasmodium (species) and Babesia |
What is the most common disease caused by Plasmodium infection? | Malaria |
What are the main clinical signs of Malaria? | Fever, headache, anemia, and splenoagay |
Which type of Plasmodium specie causes a 48-hr cycle of fever? | P. vivax/ovale |
Which plasmodium type causes a tertian cycle? | Pl vivax/ovale |
What does a tertian cycle of fever by P. vivax/ovale means? | Fever on first day and third day, thus been 48 hours apart from each other |
WHat is the form name of the dorman P. vivax/ovale in the liver? | Hypnozoite |
P. falciparum cause an__________ fever pattern. | Irregular |
Which plasmodium causes a quatrain or (72-hr) fever cycle or pattern> | P. malariae |
What is the mode of transmission of the Plamodium? | Anopheles mosquito |
Anopheles mosquito transmits what organism? | Plasmodium spps |
What medication is used for sensitive Plasmodium infection? | Chloroquine |
What is the MOA of chloroquine? | Blocks Plasmodium heme polymerase |
Which Plasmodium enzyme is blocked by Chloroquine? | Heme polymerase |
In case of Plasmodium been resistant to Chloroquine, what is an alternative treatment option? | Mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil |
What test should be done to patients about to be treated with IV quinidine or artesunate? | Test for G6PD deficiency |
When should IV quinidine or Artesunate should be used? | In life-threatening situations only, and hth previous test for G6PD deficiency. |
What treatment is added to P. vivax/ovale infecton? | Primaquine for hypnozoite |
What drug is used to treat Hypnozoite found in liver of patient with a P. vivax/ ovale infection? | Primaquine |
What organism causes Babesiosis? | Babesia |
What is the presentation of Babesiosis? | Fever and hemolytic anemia; predominantly Northeastern United States |
MOde of transmission Babesi? | Ixodes tick |
Blodo semar shows: ring form, "Maltese cross". Dx? | Babesiosis |
What is the characteristic finding of Babbeiosis in order to make dx? | "Maltese cross" in blood smear |
Treatment of Babesia infection | Atovaquone + azithromycin |
Ixodes tick carries which two organisms? | Babesia and Borrelia burgdorferi |
Babesiosis and Lyme disease share the same ___________________. | Ixodes tick |
What are some common findings in Blood smear of Plasmodium sp? | 1. Trophozoite ring form within RBC 2. Schizont containing merozoites 3. Red granules throughtout RBC in P. vivax/ovale |
What are Schuffner stippling? | Red granules found in Blood smear of Plasmodium infection. |
Common protozoan visceral infectious organisms: | Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani |
What disease is caused by T. cruzi infection? | Chagas disease |
What are some symptoms and signs of Chagas disease? | 1. Dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy 2. Megacolon 3. Megaesophagus 4. (+) Romana sign |
Big heart, big esophagus, and big colon. Dx? | Chagas disease |
What is the endemic region for Chagas disease? | South America |
What is the Romana sign? | Unilateral periorbital swelling |
(+) Romana sign. Dx. | Chagas disease |
"Kissing" bug causes | Chagas disease |
THe kissing bug is a type of ______________ bug, which carries ___________________, causing __________________ diseases. | Reduviid bug; Trypanosoma cruzi ; Chagas disease |
What is the common treatment for Chagas disease caused by T. cruzy? | Benznidazole or Nifurtimox |
Patient on Nifurtimox. Dx? | Chagas disease |
Suspect Chagas disease or T. cruzi infection in a person that: | 1. Traveled recently to South America (Brazon MC) 2. Shows enlarged heart (DCM) 3. Complains of unilaerl eye swelling |
The Sandfly transmit: | Leishmania donovani |
What two pathologies are due to Leishmania donovani infection? | 1. Visceral leishmaniasis 2. Cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Waht is hantoher name for Visceral leshimanisis? | Kala-azar |
What is the clinical presentation of Kala-azar? | Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia |
What is the treatment for Leishmania donovani infection? | Amphotericin B, and sodium stibogluconate |
Macrophages containing amastigotes. Dx? | Leishmania donovani infection |
What is the most common sexually transmitted protozoan infection? | Vaginitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis infection |
What is Trichomonas vaginalis? | Sexually transmitted protozoan |
Clinical profile of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis? | Foul-smelling, greenish discharge; itching and burning; |
How is Trichomonas vaginal s infection diagnosed? | Motile trophozoites on wet mount; "strawberry cervix" |
The term "strawberry cervix" most likely indicate: | Trichomonas vaginalis infection |
What the treatment for patient and partner with Trichomonas vaginalis infection? | Metronidazole |
Which is nematodes are ingested? | Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella, and Trichuris |
Which nematodes enter body via cutaneous? | Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, and Necator |
Which nematodes are acquired through a bite? | Loa Loa, Onchocerca volvulus, and Wuchereria bancrofti |
Common name for nematodes | Roundworms |
What is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis? | Pinworm |
What disease is caused by Enterobius vermicularis? | Anal pruritus |
How is anal pruritus caused by E. vermicularis diagnosed? | By the tape test |
What is the treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection? | Pyrantel pamoate or Bendazoles |
Giant roundworm scientific name is: | Ascaris lumbricoides |
What is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides? | Giant roundworm |
What disease is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides? | 1. Obstruction of ileocecal valve, 2. Biliary obstruction 3. Intestinal perforation |
From where does Ascaris lumbricoides migrate? | Nose/mouth |
What is the best treatment option for Ascaris lumbricoides? | Bendazoles |
Threahewromd = | Strongyloides stercolaris |
Larva in soil penetrate skin; rhabditiform larva seen under microscope. | Strongyloides stercolaris |
Autoinfection is most likely seen with which roundworm infection? | Strongyloides stercolaris |
What is the treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis infection;? | Ivermectin or bendazoles |
How does Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus cause anemia? | Sicking bloood form interinal (duodena) wall |
Cutaneous larva migrans is due to what infection? | Ansylostoma doudenale, na ENcator Amricansis infcherion |
Pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on contaminated beach | Cutaneous larva migrans |
In which tissue does trichinella spiralis takes home when it penetrates the host? | Striated muscle |
Which disease is caused by Trichinella spiralis infection? | Trichinosis |
Trichinella and Trichuris are both treated with _________________. | Bendalzoles |
Whipworm is known as: | Trichuris trichiura |
Hookworms are: | Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus |
List of Intestinal Nematodes | 1. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides 3. Strogyloides stercolaris 4. Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus 5. Trichinella spiralis 6. Trichuris trichiura |
A list of Tissue nematodes | 1. Toxocara canis 2. Onchocerca volvulus 3. Loa loa 4. Wuchereria bancrofti |
What condition is due to Toxocara canis infection? | Visceral larva migrans |
What causes Visceral larva migrans? | Toxocara canis infection |
What important effects of Visceral larva migrans? | Myocarditis, liver damage, and eye damage (visual impairment, and blindness), and CNS symptoms (seizures, coma) |
What is the best treatment for Toxocara canis? | Bendazoles |
What are clinical features of Onchocerca volvulus infection? | Skin changes, loss of elastic fibers, and river blindness |
Black flies, black skin nodules, "black sight" is a mnemonic to describe what infection? | Onchocerca volvulus |
What is the treatment for Onchocerca volvulus? | Ivermectin |
The clue "river blindness" refers to _________________________ infection. | Onchocerca volvulus |
What organism is transmitted by the Female Backfly? | Onchocerca volvulus |
What two tissues are affected mainly by Loa loa? | 1. Swelling of the skin 2. Worm in conjunctivitis |
Which flies transmit Loa loa? | Deer, horse, and mango flies |
What is the best treatment option for Loa loa and Wuchereria bancrofti? | Diethylcarbamazine |
Diethylcarbamazine is used to treat which tissue nematodes? | Loa loa and Wuchereria bancrofti |
What condition is commonly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti? | Lymphatic filariasis (elefantiasis) |
What is the common name of the condition caused by W. bancrofti? | Elephantiasis |
Describe the cause of lymphedema in Elephantiasis? | Wuchereria bancrofti organisms (worms) invade the lymph nodes leading to inflammation and subsequent lymphedema |
How long after initial infection does Elephantiasis present clinically? | After 9 months to a 1 year. |
What is the vector for Wuchereria bancrofti? | Female mosquito |
Female backfly -----> Female mosquito ------> | Onchocerca volvulus Wuchereria bancrofti |
Common name for cestodes | Tapeworms |
Which are the most relevant cestodes? | 1. Taenia solium 2. Diphyllobothrium latum 3. Echinococcus granulosus |
Treatment for Taenia solium? | Praziquantel |
Which is the mode of transmission bo the T. solium? | 1. Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork (intestinal tapeworm) 2. Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with human feces |
What conditions are related to the acquisition of T. solium by ingestion of eggs in contaminated food? | Cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis |
What is the specific treatment option for Neurocysticercosis? | Albendazole |
What is neurocysticercosis? | CNS infection with T. solium due to ingestion of eggs in human feces contaminated food |
What are the CNS symptoms seen with Neurocysticercosis? | Cystic CNS lesions and seizures |
What disease is due to Diphyllobothrium latum infection? | Megaloblastic anemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency. |
Why does D. latum infection causes a Vitamin B12 deficiency? | Tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine --> megaloblastic anemia |
What is the MC mode of transmission of Diphyllobothrium latum? | Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish |
Which tapeworms are treated with Praziquantel? | Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia solium |
What conditions are associated with Echinococcus granulosus infection? | 1. Hydatid cysts ("eggshell calcification") in liver 2. Cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis |
Why are E. granulosus cysts handled with extreme care during surgery? | Rupture can cause anaphylaxis |
What animal is the intermediate host for Echinococcus granulosus? | Sheep |
What is the MC mode of transmission of E. granulosus? | Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog feces |
Another name for flukes? | Trematodes |
What are the most common Flukes? | 1. Schistosoma 2. Clonorchis sinensis |
What organism is associated by ingestion of undercooked fish? | Clonorchis sinensis |
What is the treatment option for all trematodes? | Praziquantel |
Snails are the intermediate host for ____________________. | Schistosoma |
What are common actions that predispose Schistosoma infections? | Swimming or bathing in contaminated fresh water |
What are the two most referred subspecies of Schistosoma? | S. mansoni and S. haematobium |
What is caused by S. mansoni? | Liver and spleen enlargement, fibrosis, inflammation , and portal hypertension |
What are the two most significant symptoms of Schistosoma mansoni infection? | Portal hypertension and Hepatosplenomegaly |
What Schistosoma spp is associated with development of Squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder? | S. haematobium |
Painless hematuria may be a sign of: | Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder due to chronic S. haematobium infection. |
What type of hypertension is associated with S. haematobium infection? | Pulmonary hypertension |
Scabies are due to __________________________ infection. | Sarcoptes scabiei |
Describe Scabies? | Pruritus and serpinginous burrows in webspace of hands and feet. |
What areas of the body are classically seen with serpiginous burrows in Scabies? | Hands and feet |
What are treatment options for Scabies? | 1. Permethrin cream 2. Washing/drying all clothing/bedding |
What are common Ectoparasites? | Sarcoptes scabiei and Pediculus humanus/ Phthirus pubis |
What are Pediculus humanus/ Phthirus pubis? | Blood-sucking lice that cause intense pruritus with associated excoriations, commonly on scalp and neck or waistband and axilla. |
Epidemic typhus is caused by: | Rickettsia prowazekii |
Trench fever is caused by: | Bartonella quintana |
What is the common treatment for Pediculus humanus/ Phthirus pubis? | Pyrethroids, malathion, or ivermectin lotion, and nit combing. |
What parasite is associated with Biliary tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma? | Clonorchis sinensis |
Brain cysts, seizures are associated with: | Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis) |
Hematuria, squamous cell bladder cancer is seen with: | Schistosoma haematobium |
What is the the most common associates of Echinococcus granulosus? | Liver (hydatid) cystss |
Microcytic anemia can be caused by: | Ancylostoma, Necator |
What type of anemia is seen with Ancylostoma, Necator? | Microcytic anemia |
What are common associations (symptoms) of Trichinella spiralis? | Myalgias, periorbital edema |
Swelling around the eye is often associated with which parasite? | Trichinella spiralis |
What is the organism responsible for Perianal pruritus? | Enterobius |
Enterobius causes: | Perianal disease |
Portal hypertension is caused by: | Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum |
Vitamin B12 deficiency is seen with: | Diphyllobothrium latum |
What parasite can cause a megaloblastic anemia? | Diphyllobothrium latum |