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7th Grade Chapter 5
Modern Genetics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that codes for a single trait |
Carrier is a person | who has one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait |
Genetic disorders are caused by | DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes |
Pedigree chart | predicts the probability of a baby having a particular trait |
Genetic disorders | an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
Geneticists use a pedigree | to trace the inheritance of traits in humans |
A pedigree is | a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
Karyotype | a picture of the chromosomes in a cell |
Cloning results in two organisms that are | genetically identical |
Genome | all the DNA in one cell of an organism |
Inbreeding | the form of selective breeding that crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles |
Genetic engineering | the transfer of genes from one organism to another |
An example of genetic engineering | creating human insulin to treat people with diabetes |
Sickle-cell disease | a genetic disorder that results in abnormally shaped blood cells |
Cystic Fibrosis | a genetic disorder that causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus in the lungs and intestines |
the purpose of the Human Genome Project | to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome |
Hemophilia is caused by a | recessive allele on the X chromosome |
The sex chromosomes of a male human are | XY |
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which | an extra chromosome is added to a pair |
Blood type is controlled by | a gene with multiple alleles |
The variations of skin color is controlled by | many genes |
Sex-linked traits are more common in males than in females because | a recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male |
Many characteristics are affected by interactions between | genes and the environment |
Height is a human trait that | can be altered by variations in the environment |
Height in humans is controlled by | at least four genes |
To produce human proteins | geneticists must know the DNA bases that codes for the protein |