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unit 3 vocab abriya

plate tectonics

termDefinition
Asthenosphere the upper layer that is part of the earth's mantle, known to be mechanically weak, and below the lithosphere.
Subduction the process of which one tectonic plate falls between another.
Seafloor Spreading the hypothesis that new ocean crust is being formed at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed by the deep sea trenches, this occurs in a continuous cycle of magma intrusion and spreading.
Mantle convection the very slow motion of earths mantle that is caused by convection currents that carry heat from the interior to the earths surface.
Ridge Push tectonic plates that are associated with convection currents in earths mantle that occurs when the weight of an elevated ridge pushes an oceanic plate towards a subduction zone.
Slab pull tectonic process associated with convection currents in earths mantle that occurs as the weight of the subducting plate
lava magma that flows out onto the earths surface
magma hot fluid below or within the earths crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed when cooling.
tectonic plate huge pieces of earths crust that covers its surface and fit together at there edges.
theory of continental drift a theory that was explained by Alfred Wegener that all continents were once put together as one.
convergent boundary place where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other associated with trenches, island arcs, and folded mountains.
divergent boundary place where two of earths tectonic plates are moving apart, associated with volcanism, earthquakes and high heat flow, and is found on seafloor.
transform boundary place where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other, is characterized by long faults and shallow earthquakes.
hotspot usually hot in earths mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface.
epicenter point on earths surface directly above the surface of an earthquake.
focus point of the initial fault rupture where an earthquake originates that usually lies at least several kilometers beneath the earths surface.
Pangaea ancient landmass made up of all continents that begin to break apart about 200 mya.
geohazard enviromental conditions that involve long-term or short-term geological process.
reverse fault in which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the foot wall, occur when two blocks of rock are forced together by compression.
strike-slip fault a fault in which rock strata are displaced mainly in a horizontal direction, parallel to the line of the fault.
normal fault the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall, occurs when two blocks of rock are pulled apart by tension.
compression the action or state of being squished down or made smaller or more pressed together.
tension the state of being stretched or strained.
shearing a motion of two rock surfaces against each other.
felsic consisting of or chiefly consisting of feldspar or feldspathiod quartz.
mafic of or relation to being a group of usually dark colored minerals rich in magnesium and iron.
Created by: 23abriyaw913
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