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Challenge and Change
EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the right brain is more | intuitive, emotional, musical, and artistic |
| the left brain is more | analytical, practical, and rational |
| what is the right brain responsible for | a lot of creativity and spacial perception |
| what is the left brain responsible for | almost entirely for verbal skills and language |
| people in the right brain category tend to be | good conversationalists and writers |
| people in the left brain category tend to be | artists or athletes, and more likely to remember your face than name |
| careers for left brain dominant people | scientist, mathematician, lawyer |
| careers for right brain dominant people | musician, designer, phys-ed teacher |
| participant observation | a method of study in anthropology where the researcher participates in the group life of subjects |
| operant conditioning | the psychological theory that learning can be programmed by whatever consequence follows a particular behaviour |
| how operant conditioning works | behaviours are encouraged by reward which encourages the behaviour to be repeated, and behaviours to be encouraged are given a punishment |
| who was operant conditioning mainly studied by | B.F. Skinner // the Skinner box |
| classical conditioning | stimulus response training, a conditioned stimulus is combined with a natural stimulus to create a new learned response |
| who was classical conditioning studied by | Ivan Pavlov |
| longitudinal studies | studies in which a group of people is tracked over a long period of time, sometimes even incorporating the group's children into the study as they come along |
| who developed the learning theory | B.F. Skinner |
| what is B.F. Skinner's learning theory | behaviors increase if rewarded and decrease if punished (the principle of reinforcement), observations of human actions based on the reactions of others and self, gave rats a food pellet if they pushed a bar (skinner box) |
| who developed behaviorism | John Watson |
| what is John Watsons's behaviorism theory | identifying factors that motivate human behavior psychologists can predict and control it, helps treat patients with problem behaviors, conditions an emotional response, "Little Albert" case |
| who modified John Watson's behaviorism theory | Benjamin Spock |
| what were Benjamin Spock's notes on behaviorism | also identified factors that motivate our behavior, wrote the book "Baby and Child Care", his ideas on childcare influenced several generations of parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children and treat them as individuals |
| who developed the psychoanalysis theory | Sigmund Freud |
| what is Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory | his theory of the unconscious mind; developed a model of the psychic structure: id, ego, superego; defense mechanisms, developed therapeutic techniques: free association and transference, his analysis of dreams as wish-fulfillments |
| who modified Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory | Carl Jung |
| what were Carl Jung's notes on the psychoanalysis theory | personal and collective unconscious, can only treat a person if we understand the way the person's personality is formed, individuation |
| schools of thought in sociology | structural functionalism, neo-marxism, symbolic interactionism, feminist theory, inclusionism |
| structural functionalism | studying how society works to meet the needs of their members (material, social, educational, etc.) |
| neo-marxism | economic power is the basis of political power and the key to understanding societies |
| symbolic interactionism | the human brain intervenes what we observe and how we act |
| feminist theory | most societies value systems are sexist |
| inclusionism | studying the experience of all ethnic groups without judgement |
| schools of thought in psychology | behaviorism, psychoanalytic theory, and learning theory |
| behaviorism | identifying factors that motivate human behavior, so they can predict and control it |
| psychoanalytic theory | the unconscious mind can be unblocked through dream analysis and hypnosis, the unconscious mind affects our actions |
| learning theory | controlling the way in which humans learn behavior |
| schools of thought in anthropology | functionalism, structuralism, and cultural materialism |
| functionalism | to understand a culture it is important to investigate social functions of institutions |
| structuralism | all cultures develop complex rules that are logical structures based on binary opposites |
| cultural materialism | technological and economic factors are the most important and molding personality |
| yuppies | young urban professionals, term coined for baby boomers |
| demography | the study of the human population (births, deaths, income) |
| generation x | a term used for people born between 1960 and 1966, during the post world war II baby boom |
| difficulties of generation x | finding jobs since most were still being held by boomers |
| echo boomers | the demographic phase between 1980 and 1995, in which a population increase is created by people born during the post-world war II baby boom have kids |
| about the echo boomers | also known as generation y/generation boomerang, grew up with internet, living at home longer, overcrowded schools, jobs opening up since boomers are retiring, between 1980 and 1995 |
| baby bust | the period of declining birth rates between immediately after the post-world war II baby boom |
| about the baby bust | also known as the twenty-somethings, single parent families are more common, more young professional women, difficulty finding jobs since most were still being held by boomers, between 1967 and 1979 |
| baby boomers | a demographic phase marked by an increase in the birth rate of a country, and a corresponding population increase |
| about the baby boomers | between 1946 and 1966, growing suburbs so cars were a necessity, high immigration, child-centered universe, youthquake |
| embryo | a fertilized human egg |
| stem cell | cells from which all parts of an organism can be formed |
| oncologist | a doctor who specializes in cancer treatment |
| folkway | behaviors that a typical member of society would usually practice, but are not particularly significant |
| Nuremburg Code | ethical guidelines established after WWII, outlining rules and procedures for future experiments on humans |
| social mores | behaviors regarded as essential to the welfare and survival of the group |
| architectural barrier | structural issues that make it difficult for people with disabilities to be examined and treated using standard medical equipment |
| two-tier health system | when a healthcare system provides basic care, as well as a second tier of care exists to those who can pay for additional care, better quality, or faster access |
| generation boomerang | born between 1980 and 1995, the current generation of young adults who still live at home with their parents and are not financially independent |
| what are obsessions | a persistent and unwanted thought |
| example of an obsession | a bank teller constantly worrying about miscounting money |
| what are compulsions | a repetitive act done to relieve the anxiety of the obsession |
| example of a compulsion | being obsessed with germs so washing your hands multiple times with different bars of soap and scalding hot water |
| what is a defense mechanism | a way of dealing with the world that is not very effective and if used to often may be unhealthy |
| rationalization | we can not face the real reasons for our behavior so we convince ourselves there are other reasons |
| example of rationalization | blaming someone else |
| denial | the refusal to accept reality or fact, acting as if a painful event, thought or feeling does not exist |
| example of denial | ignoring criticism |
| regression | when a problem is too big for us to handle in a mature way so we revert back to the behavior patterns of an earlier time in our lives |
| example of regression | you get a divorce and then move back in with your parents |
| projection | a person unconsciously rejects his or her own unacceptable attributes by ascribing them to objects or persons in the outside world |
| example of projection | being an attention seeker, then when you're not getting the attention, accusing others as being an attention seeker |
| hysterical reactions | when emotional conflicts are converted into physical symptoms |
| symptoms of hysteria | loss of sight, inability to walk, paralysis, or difficulty speaking with no physical cause apparent |
| example of a hysterical reaction | a pianist afraid of performing so he experiences paralysis in hands before performance |
| psychoses | a psychosis is a serious mental illness that may prevent the sufferer from functioning adequately, distorts reality through hallucinations and delusions |
| symptoms of psychoses | great personality changes, dramatic mood shifts, or strange emotional responses, confused about time/place/people |
| examples of psychoses | schizophrenia, DID, Manic Depression, organic psychoses |
| neuroses | a relatively mild personality disorder typified by excessive anxiety or indecision and a degree of social of interpersonal maladjustment, remains in touch with reality and understand the nature of their problems |
| examples of neuroses | OCD and phobias |
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syddj123
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