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BJU Space/Earth - 8
BJU - Space and Earth Science - Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A satellite that is used for a specific purpose other than pure scientific data collection. Applications include weather prediction, communications, navigational references, and surveying. | applications satellites |
| A small space vehicle with extremely limited living and working areas, designed to carry humans or animals into orbit around the earth or moon. | capsule |
| An early solid-fuel rocket designed by Sir William Congreve of England. It was inaccurate due to reliance on the stick guidance system. | Congreve rocket |
| A special space probe orbit that follows the earth around the sun at about the same distance from the sun as the earth. | Earth-trailing orbit |
| An equatorial orbit that has a period of one 24-hour day; sometimes called a geostationary orbit. | geosynchronous orbit |
| A system of 24 satellites that provide latitude, longitude, and altitude positions to very accurate standards. A GPS receiver receives and analyzes signals from two or more different satellites to determine the position. | Global Positioning System |
| A 19th century military rocket that carried an explosive warhead in the nose, had 3 curved fins in the exhaust stream to impart a stabilizing spin, and had a greater range that the artillery of its day. | Hale rocket |
| A saddle-shaped orbit around the point in space where the gravities of two massive objects, such as a planet and the sun, exactly balance each other. | halo orbit |
| The outermost boundary of the material influence of the solar system, where the pressure of the outgoing solar wind balances the pressure of incoming particles from interstellar space. | heliopause |
| Acronym for intercontinental ballistic missile, a type of long range, rocket-powered weapon capable of crossing the distances between continents. | ICBM |
| The ISS is a continuously manned orbital scientific and technological research outpost sponsored by 16 nations. It is 450 kilometers from earth. | International Space Station |
| Any object located in the Kuiper Belt. The planet Pluto is thought to be the largest one of these. | Kuiper belt object |
| An orbital path relatively close to the earth (350-500 km above the earth). | low Earth orbit |
| The absence or greatly reduced sensation of gravitational force, as when in orbit around the earth. Significant gravity exists at the altitude of the orbit, but the spacecraft is continuously falling as it orbits so that there is no sensation of gravity. | microgravity |
| For every force exerted on an object, the object exerts an equal but opposite force on the source of the original force. Forces always occur in pairs. | Newton's third law of motion |
| Any planet beyond the orbit of Mars (and by extension, beyond the main asteroid belt, which is considered by some to be the dividing line between the inner and outer planets). | outer planets |
| An orbital path that takes an earth satellite over the poles during each orbit. | polar orbit |
| An instrumented, unmanned, expendable vehicle used to explore space. | probe |
| The manned US space program established to land and briefly explore the moon. | Project Apollo |
| An early US manned space program using two-manned crews to prepare for Project Apollo flights. | Project Gemini |
| The first manned US space program established to place a man in a low-Earth orbit. | Project Mercury |
| An aerial vehicle or device propelled by the rapid emission of hot gases that are produced from combustion not requiring atmospheric oxygen. | rocket |
| An object that orbits another, usually larger, object. | satellite |
| A satellite that is designed mainly to acquire scientific information, such as an earth resources satellite or an orbiting telescope. | scientific satellite |
| Taking a measurement from a remote location. | sounding |
| A rocket and its instrumented probe used to obtain environmental and meteoric data in the upper atmosphere. | sounding rocket |
| A reusable manned space vehicle designed to carry heavy satellites, space probes, and equipment to Earth orbit. It also transports people and cargo for the construction and resupply of the International Space Station. | space shuttle |
| A habitable structure in Earth orbit from which astronomical observations and scientific research may be conducted. | space station |
| A unit containing rocket engines, fuel, and/or instruments that is attached to other similar units to form a multi-stage rocket. The multiple stages are fired sequentially, each stage falls off when done to reduce the mass of the remaining rocket. | stage |
| One of the polar orbits designed to place the satellite over a certain place on the earth's surface at the same time every day. | sun-synchronous orbit |
Created by:
marchscience
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