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OB Test # 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A downward displacement of the bladder toward the vaginal opening causing bulging.Weakened support between the vagina and bladder.C/O: pelvic pressure, urinary problems, back/pelvic pain. | Cystocele |
| between the vagina and rectum.C/O: pelvic/rectal pressure, fatigue, back painTx: anterior and posterior Colporrhaphy | Rectocele |
| Uterus protrudes downward into the upper vagina, pulling vagina with it.C/O: pain in groin, backache in sacral areaMgmt: Kegel exercises, Pessary-ring, Surgery | Uterine Prolapse |
| Simultaneous vaginal and abdominal palpatation of internal structures: cervix, uterus, adnexa (ovaries,fallopian tubes),vagina,rectum | Bimanual Palpatation |
| Usually due to physiologic variations in the menstrual cycle.Symptoms:abd bloating,pain,distention,nausea,bowel changes | Ovarian Cysts |
| Endocrine disorder occurring in child bearing yearsSymptoms: irregular periods,obesity,hirsutism (excessive hair growth),infertility problems-due to excessive androgens | Polycystic Ovarian Disease |
| Cervical os is dilated and uterine endometrium is scraped with a curette. | D&C (dilatation and curettage) |
| Allows visualization of pelvic structures. Requires general anesthesia. | Laparoscopy |
| Cervial and vaginal exam using a colposcope to obtain tissue for analysis. | Abnormal Pap and Colposcopy |
| Painful menstruation.Begins a day before or with menses and ends by the end of menses. | Dysmenorrhea |
| Cramping without other pathology.Prostaglandins produced by the uterus are the primary cause.C/O: pain in abdomen,back,thighs,nausea,diarrhea,fatigue,h/a | Primary Dysmenorrhea |
| Associated with pathology.Treatment based on treating the underlying pathology. | Secondary Dysmenorrhea |
| Absence of menses. | Amenorrhea |
| When menstruation is not established by age 16. Due to: congenital abnormalities, structural abnormalities, hormonal absence or imbalances.Treatment is based on cause. | Primary Amenorrhea |
| When established menses stops.Treatment is based on cause. | Secondary Amenorrhea |
| Dysfunctional bleeding without an organic cause. | Abnormal Uterine Bleeding |
| Symptoms:irritability,lethargy,depression,crying,sleep disturbances,hostility,migraines,syncope,n/v,constipation,bloating,craving for sweets,acne,breast swelling and tenderness; these usually occur between ovulation and onset of menses. | Premenstrual Syndrome |
| prolonged, heavy bleeding during the regular cycle. | Menorrhea |
| Bleeding between regular menstrual periods. May be r/t first cycles of birth control,or may signal pathology such as cervical cancer, uterine masses/tumors, ectopic pregnancy. | Metrorrhagia |
| Short duration of menstrual flow. | Hypomenorrhea |
| Abnormally long menstrual flow. | Hypermenorrhea |
| Uterine fibroids.May cause increased uterine size,heavy menstrual bleeding,pelvic pressure,infertility.Tx: Myomectomy,endometrial ablation,uterine artery embolization,hysterectomy | Uterine Leiomyoma |
| Benign endometrial tissue.Symptoms:dysmenorrhea,abnormal bleeding,pelvic/vaginal pain. | Endometriosis |
| AKA-Change of lifeMenses ceaseTime marking end of reproductive capabilities.45-52 y/o | Menopause |
| Time prior to menopause when woman moves from normal ovulation to cessation of menses.Includes hot flashes,PMS,irregular periods,insomnia,mood changes,decreased interest in sex. | Perimenopause |
| Research shows risks outweigh benefits. | Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) |
| Inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. | Infertility |
| A couple who have never had a child. | Primary Infertility |
| A couple with at least one delivery, but currently unable to achieve or maintain pregnancy. | Secondary Infertility |
| An absolute factor preventing reproduction-tubal ligation. | Sterility |
| A couple who has difficulty conceiving because both partners have reduced fertility. | Subfertility |
| Most result from failure of neural tube to close. Unknown cause. Dx may be made prenatally by ultrasound and elevated AFP levels. | CNS Defects |
| Most common CNS defect.Usually occurs in lumbosacral area.Often accompanied by hydrocephalus. | Spina Bifida |
| Herniation of cord and meninges through opening near spine. | Myelomeningocele |
| Abnormal increase in CSF & enlarged cerebral ventriclesCauses:malformations in the brain & intrauterine infectionsSymptoms:bulging anterior fontanel,abnormal/rapidly increasing head circumference,enlarged forehead (late sign) | Hydrocephalus |
| Herniation of the brain and meninges through a skull defect that is treated with surgical repair if no major brain malformation is present. | Encephalocele |
| Absence of both cerebral hemispheres and of the overlying skull. This condition is incompatible with life. Frequently stillborn or dies within hours/days. Care is only supportive. Grief counseling. | Anencephaly |
| Occur anywhere from mouth to anus.Some apparent visually at birth.Others become apparent with further assessment of symptoms. | Gastrointestinal Congenital Anomalies |
| Common. Congenital midline opening in lip or palate resulting from failure of primary palate to fuse. Cause:multiple genetic & environmental factors (infection,alcohol,radiation,steroid usage,anticonvulsants,etc.)Tx:surgical repair done at 6-12 wks | Cleft Lip/Palate |
| Mild to severe respiratory distress.Absence of breath sounds on one side (usually left).Presence of bowel sounds in chest.Scaphoid (sunken) abdomen.If large hernia, lung may be undeveloped on that side (hypoplastic). | Diaphragmatic Hernia |
| Congenital deformity in which portions of foot and ankle are twisted out of normal position. Varying degrees of severity.Causes:genetic predisposition,in utero compression,abnormal embryonic development | Clubfoot |
| Meatus opens below the glans penis or anywhere along the ventral surface of the penis.Tx: surgical correction during first year; no circumcision. |
Created by:
crafthl
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