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Mod 9-16 vocabulary
Review vocabulary for Apologia Physical Science Module 9-16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reference point | A point against which position is measured |
| Vector quantity | A physical measurement that contains directional information |
| Scalar quantity | A physical measurement that does NOT contain directional information |
| Acceleration | the time rate of change of an object's velocity |
| Free fall | the state of an object that is falling towards the earth with nothing inhibiting its fall |
| Friction | A force resulting from the contact of two surfaces. This force opposes motion |
| Static friction | The friction that exists between surfaces when neither surface is moving relative to the other. |
| Kinetic friction | The friction that exists between surfaces when at least one of those surfaces is moving relative to the other. |
| Newton's 1st Law | The velocity of an object will not change unless the object is acted on by an outside force. |
| Newton's 2nd Law | When an object is acted on by an outside force, the strength of that force is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration. |
| Newton's 3rd Law | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| 4 Fundamental Forces | gravitational, weak, strong, electromagnetic |
| photons | small "packages" of light that act just like small particles |
| charging by conduction | charging an object by allowing it to come into contactwith an object which already has an electrical charge |
| charging by induction | charging an object by forcing some of the charges to leave the object |
| electrical current | the amount of charge that travels through an electrical circuit each second |
| conventional current | current that flows from the positive side of the battery to the negative side. This is the way current is drawn in circuit diagrams, even though it is wrong |
| resistance | a measure of how much a metal impedes the flow of electrons |
| open circuit | a circuit that does not have a complete connection betweenthe two sides of the battery. As a result current does not flow. |
| transverse wave | a wave whose direction is perpendicular to its up and down motion |
| longitudal wave | a wave whose direction is parallel to its up and down motion |
| supersonic speed | any speed that is faster than the speed of sound in the substance of interest |
| sonic boom | the sound produced as a result of aircraft traveling at or above Mach 1 |
| pitch | the highness or lowness of a sound |
| nuclear fusion | the process by which two or more nuclei fuse to make a bigger nucleus |
| nuclear fission | the process by which a large nucleus is split into two smaller nuclei |
| critical mass | the amount of isotope necessary to cause a chain reaction |
| star magnitude | the brightness of a star on a scale of -8 to +17. Smaller the number the brighter the star. |
| Light year | the distance light travels in one year. |
| galaxy | a massive ensemble of hundreds of millions of stars, all interacting through the gravitational force, orbiting around a common center |
Created by:
mckee
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