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Chemical Digestion
Lab Study STACK
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product | catalyst |
| Provides a standard of comparison for test results | control |
| Biologic catalyst; protein in nature | enzyme |
| Substance on which a catalyst works | Substrate |
| List three characteristics of enzymes. | Specificity (act on one or a small number of substrates); temperature specific; pH specific |
| The enzymes of the digetive system are classified as hydrolases. What does this mean? | Hydrolases break down organic food molecules by adding water to the molecular bonds, thus cleaving the bonds between the subunits or monomers. |
| Salivary Amylase is produced in the? Site of action? Substrate? Optimal pH? | Salivary glands; oral cavity; starch 6.7-7.0 |
| Trypsin is produced where? Site of Action? Substrate? Optimal pH? | Pancreas; small intestine; proteins, 8.0 |
| Lipase (pancreatic) is produced where? Site of Action? Substrate? Optimal pH? | Pancreas; small intestine; fats; 7.4-8.0 |
| Name the end product of digestion for proteins | amino acids |
| Name the end product of digestion for fats | fatty acids and glycerol (monoglycerides) |
| Name the end product of digestion for carbohydrates | simple sugars |
| The indicator used to test for protein hydrolysis, indicated by a yellow color | BAPNA |
| The indicator used to test for the presence of starch, which was indicated by a blue-black color | IKI Lugol's iodine) |
| The indicator used to test for the presence of fatty acids, which was evidenced by a color change from blue to pink | litmus paper |
| The indicator used to test for the presence of reducing sugars (maltose, sucrose, glucose) as indicated by a blue to green or orange color change | Benedict's solution |
| What is the optimal incubatin temperature? | 37 degress C (body temperature) |
| Why is bile not considered an enzyme? | Bile only physically seperates the fat droplets. It does not break the molecular bonds as do the digestive enzymes. |
| What role does bile play in fat digestion? | Emulsification of fat by bile increases the surface area for lipase activity. |
| Why are denatured enzymes nonfunctional? | Their 3-D structures and active sites are necessary for heir activity. If their structures are changed, the active sites change, thus inactivating the enzyme. |
| Mechanism of absorption of monosaccharides | Most by active transport in the blood |
| Mechanism of absorption of Fatty acids and glycerol | Diffusion, some blood, most lymph |
| Mechanism of absorption of amino acids | active transport in blood |
| Mechanism of absorption of water | osmosis (diffusion) in blood |
| Mechanism of absorption of NA+ CL- CA2+ | Na+, CA2+ are active transport and Cl- is diffusion all in the blood |
| A person on a strict diet to lose weight metabolize stored fats at an accelerated rate. How does this affect bloodk pH? | It would become acidic (decrease pH) |
| The hormone secretin is produced by what and what are the target organs and effects? | Intestinal mucosa. It stimulates (1) the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluid and (2) the liver to secrete bile. |
| The hormone gastrin is produced where and what are it's target organs and effects? | Stomach cells. Gastrin acts on the stomach glands to increase their secretory activity (particularly of HCL) |
| The hormone cholecystokinin is produced where and what are its target organs and effects? | Intestinal cells; It stimulates release of enzymes from the pancreas, causes gall bladder contraction and inhibits gastric secretion. |
| Swallowing is also refers to as: | deglutition |
| Swallowing occurs in two phases | buccal and pharyngeal-esophageal |
| Which phase of swallowing is voluntary | buccal |
| During the voluntary phase, ______is used to push the food into the back of the throat. | tongue |
| During swallowing, the ______ rises to ensure that its passageway is covered by the epiglottis so that the ingested substances don't enter the respiratory passageways | larynx |
| It is possible to swallow water while standing on your head because the water is carried along the esophagus involuntarily by the process of | peristalsis |
| The pressure exerted by the foodstuffs on teh _________________ sphincter causes it to open, allowing the foodstuffs to enter the stomach | gastroesophageal |
| The two major types of propulsive movements that occur in the small intestine are; | peristaltic and segmental |
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