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Final Shelleys
9-12
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Northern Hemisphere. | Right |
The ________ Ocean is largest. | Pacific |
Longshore sand transport and longshore currents depend on waves impinging parallel to a shoreline. | False |
Waves in the open ocean are called waves of oscillation. | True |
The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed the ________. | continental shelf |
A poleward-moving ocean current is considered a warm current. | True |
Turbidites and siliceous oozes are both biogenous sediments. | False |
The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is ________. | both caused by obliquely breaking waves and called beach drift |
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________. | all of these |
Black smokers" are associated with ________. | all of these |
Manganese nodules do not accumulate below 4500 meters depth because the manganese minerals are highly soluble in seawater below that depth. | False |
The surface waters in regions where evaporation rates are high, such as the Red Sea, have higher than average salinities. | true |
________ is a strong, parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock. | Foliation |
The ________ marks the transition between the warm surface layer and the deep zone of cold water in the oceans. | thermocline |
The crests of mid-oceanic ridges ________. | contain active rift zones |
A ________ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave-cut platform. | sea stack |
The horizontal distance separating successive wave crests is called the wave period. | false |
Fetch is ________. | none of these |
Submarine canyons found on the continental slope and are believed to have been created ________. | none of these |
The continental rise is located ________. | between an abyssal plain and continental slope |
One result of wave refraction is that wave energy is concentrated ________. | on headlands projecting into the water |
A baymouth bar is a man-made feature designed to control wave erosion. | false |
An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ________. | sound pulse travels from a ship to the seafloor and back |
Manganese nodules are an example of ________. | hydrogenous sediment |
Which of the following is NOT true of deep ocean trenches? | they are geologically very stable |
How can crashing, collapsing, storm waves generate explosive forces and stresses on rocky outcrops and manmade structures? | pressurized water and compressed air are driven into cracks and fissures |
Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called ________. | terrigenous sediment |
Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true? | the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere |
The addition of sand to a beach has proven to be an economical solution to beach erosion problems. | False |
The Coriolis effect is greatest at high latitudes and diminishes toward the equator. | True |
Longshore sand transport and longshore currents depend on waves impinging parallel to a shoreline. | False |
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________. | all of these |
The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed ________. | longshore current |
A poleward-moving ocean current is considered a warm current. | True |
The ________ Ocean is largest. | Pacific |
Which of the following is associated with ocean ridges? | all of these |
Which one of the following would you NOT associate with turbidity currents? | formation of seamounts |
Which one of the following is NOT part of the continental margin? | continental trench |
The Gulf Coast lacks barrier islands. | False |
Which one of the following is a landform created by wave erosion? | sea arch |
Although the Sun influences the tides, its effect is considerably less than the effect of the Moon. | True |
Manganese nodules do not accumulate below 4500 meters depth because the manganese minerals are highly soluble in seawater below that depth. | False |
Submarine canyons form the deepest parts of the ocean basins. | false |
Turbidites and siliceous oozes are both biogenous sediments. | false |
Abyssal plains with sediments covering the seafloor igneous rocks are more extensive in the central Pacific basin than in the North Atlantic. | false |
Sand, silt, and clays deposited on the ocean floor are described as terrigenous sediments. | True |
Seafloor hot springs occur mainly in oceanic, abyssal plains. | false |
A baymouth bar is a man-made feature designed to control wave erosion. | false |
Fetch is ________. | none of these |
The ________ marks the transition between the warm surface layer and the deep zone of cold water in the oceans. | thermocline |
An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ________. | sound pulse travels from a ship to the seafloor and back |
The presence of which one of the following would indicate that the land had been uplifted or that sea level had fallen? | elevated marine terrace |
An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a ________. | sea stack |
The west coast of South America and the east coast of North America have very different continental margins. | True |
A sand bar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a ________. | none of these |
The turbulent water created by breaking waves is called surf. | true |
Which ocean has the greatest average depth? | Pacific |
Which of the following is correct regarding a wave in the open ocean? | none of these |
A ________ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave-cut platform. | sea stack |
The Atlantic and Pacific basins have oceanic ridges; the Indian Ocean has no oceanic ridge. | false |
Which one of the following is NOT part of the continental margin? | continental trench |
Manganese nodules do not accumulate below 4500 meters depth because the manganese minerals are highly soluble in seawater below that depth. | False |
Abyssal plains with sediments covering the seafloor igneous rocks are more extensive in the central Pacific basin than in the North Atlantic. | False |
The oceans cover approximately ________ percent of Earth's surface. | 70 |
Which one of the following salts is most abundant in seawater? | sodium chloride |
Erosional retreat of a ________ leads to enlargement and extension of a wave-cut platform in the inland direction. | wave-cut cliff |
Which one of the following would most likely be covered with thick turbidite layers? | deep-sea fan at the base of a continental slope |
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________. | all of these |
Tidal flats are submerged during ebb tide. | False |
The largest daily tidal range occurs in association with spring tides. | True |
When waves reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the shore. This process is termed ________. | refraction |
One result of wave refraction is that wave energy is concentrated ________. | on headlands projecting into the water |
A sand ridge connecting an island to the mainland or to another island is a ________. | tombolo |
Which one of the following structures is built to protect boats from large breaking waves? | breakwater |
Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true? | the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere |
The continental rise lies at the bottom of the continental slope. | True |
The ________ Ocean has more extensive abyssal plains than the Pacific Ocean because it has fewer trenches to trap sediments moving down the continental slope. | Atlantic |
Manganese nodules are an example of ________. | hydrogenous sediment |
The turbulent water created by breaking waves is called surf. | True |
The surface waters in regions where evaporation rates are high, such as the Red Sea, have higher than average salinities. | True |
A poleward-moving ocean current is ________. | warm |
A baymouth bar is a man-made feature designed to control wave erosion. | False |
A sand bar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a ________. | none of these |
Fetch is ________. | none of these |
Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ________. | all of these |
The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed ________. | longshore current |
Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called ________. | terrigenous sediment |
A ridge of sand projecting into a bay and often having a hooked end is a ________. | spit |
The ________ Ocean is largest. | Pacific |
Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is ________. | equal to one-half the wavelength |
The annual range of temperature may be described as the difference between ________. | the average temperatures of the warmest and coldest months |
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen. | True |
The tropopause is the boundary between ________ | the troposphere and stratosphere |
Annual temperature range decreases with an increase in latitude. | true |
Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others? | carbon dioxide |
The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are ________. | radio |
At noon on February 21, the Sun is overhead ________. | at some point between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward |
In the Southern Hemisphere, warm currents cause isotherms to be deflected toward the South Pole. | True |
The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere produced by certain heat absorbing gases is called the ________. | greenhouse effect |
With which of the following is dust in the atmosphere associated? | all of these |
By adding the daily maximum and minimum temperatures and then dividing by two, the daily range is calculated. | False |
Fairbanks, Alaska has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida. | true |
The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the longer the wavelengths of maximum radiation. | false |
On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator. | December 21 |
The annual temperature range at most latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere is much smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is that ________. | there is a greater percentage of water surface in the Southern Hemisphere |
This process involves the movement of a mass or substance. | all of these |
On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________. | drops about 6.5C |
A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen. | False |
The two most important heat absorbing gases in the lower atmosphere are ________. | water vapor and carbon dioxide |
Weather and climate are synonymous terms | false |
Air may best be described as ________. | a mixture |
The wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth from the heating of the earth's surface by short wave radiation from the sun are ________. | longer than those emitted by the Sun |
New York City has its greatest length of daylight on ________. | June 21 |
The triatomic form of oxygen (O3) is known as ________. | ozone |
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols. | True |
On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds? | 20% |
The seasonal shift of isotherms is greater over the continents than over the ocean. | true |
A very important control of the DAILY range of temperature is ________. | the amount of water vapor in the air |
Ozone is concentrated in the ________. | stratosphere |
If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26EC and the minimum temperature is 14EC, the daily mean would be ________. | 20C |
On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator. | December 21 |
Weather and climate are synonymous terms | false |
Which one of the following statements is true about the equinoxes? | days and nights are equal in length everywhere |
The annual temperature range at most latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere is much smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is that ________. | there is a greater percentage of water surface in the Southern Hemisphere |
New York City has its greatest length of daylight on ________. | June 21 |
Visible wavelengths make up about one-half of the electromagnetic spectrum. | False |
Distance variations between Earth and the Sun are very important in understanding seasonal temperature variations. | False |
The fall equinox in the Southern Hemisphere occurs on this date. | March 21 |
If it were not for the inclination of Earth's axis, there would be no well-defined seasons. | True |
In the middle and high latitudes, annual temperature range increases with an increase in continentality. | True |
This process involves the movement of a mass or substance. | conduction |
On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________ | drops about 6.5C |
On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds? | 20% |
The North Pole has a higher noon Sun angle than New York City on this date | none of these |
The tropopause is the boundary between ________ | the troposphere and stratosphere |
The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere produced by certain heat absorbing gases is called the ________. | greenhouse effect |
A place located along a windward coast will probably have ________. | cooler summer temperatures than an inland location at the same latitude |
A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen. | False |
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the ________. | troposphere |
The 90 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Capricorn on ________. | December 21 |
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols. | True |
Ozone is concentrated in the ________. | stratosphere |
Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others? | carbon dioxide |
Earth's atmosphere ends quite abruptly at an altitude of 40 kilometers. | False |
The normal lapse rate is -6.5C per kilometer. | True |
The seasonal shift of isotherms is greater over the continents than over the ocean. | True |
Practically all clouds and storms occur in this layer of the atmosphere. | Stratosphere |
The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on ________. | March 21 |
Air is a mixture. | True |
The North Pole has a higher noon Sun angle than New York City on this date. | none of these |
At noon on February 21, the Sun is overhead ________. | at some point between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward |
On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________. | drops about 6.5C |
With which of the following is dust in the atmosphere associated? | all of these |
Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others? | carbon dioxide |
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the ________. | troposphere |
Weather and climate are synonymous terms | False |
Ozone filters out most of the ________ radiation in sunlight. | ultraviolet |
Which one of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? | nitrogen |
Isotherms are more irregular in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere | False |
The atmosphere is heated chiefly by radiation emitted by the Earth's surface that is heated by the sun.. | True |
Snow-covered surfaces have a low albedo. | False |
f the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26C and the minimum temperature is 14C, the daily range would be ________. | 12>C |
The 90 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Cancer on ________. | June 21 |
Ozone filters out most of the infrared radiation in sunlight. | False |
Visible wavelengths make up about one-half of the electromagnetic spectrum. | False |
In the middle and high latitudes, annual temperature range increases with an increase in continentality. | True |
The normal lapse rate in the troposphere is about ________ per kilometer. | 6.5C |
Earth receives energy from the Sun in this way. | radiation |
Fairbanks, Alaska has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida. | True |
Ozone is concentrated in the mesosphere. | False |
Fifty percent of the gases making up the atmosphere are found below ________. | 3 ½ miles (5.6 km) |
On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator. | December 21 |
If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26EC and the minimum temperature is 14EC, the daily mean would be ________. | 20C |
The summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on this date. | June 21 |
This process involves the movement of a mass or substance. | conduction |
If it were not for the inclination of Earth's axis, there would be no well-defined seasons. | True |
Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols. | True |
What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25 C?(relative humidity = water vapor content / by maximum grams water vapor capacity at a given temperature) | 70% |
Orographic lifting occurs where sloping terrains, such as mountains, act as barriers to the flow of air. | True |
This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation. | nimbo |
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________. | stratus |
This cloud type is confined to the middle height range | altostratus |
This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails." | cirrus |
Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions? | afternoon thunder showers |
The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________. | 4% |
This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range. | alto |
If the temperature drops and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase. | True |
The highest relative humidity on a particular day usually occurs in the mid-afternoon. | False |
Deserts on the lee/downwind sides of mountains such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________. | rainshadow deserts |
When air is unstable, the environmental lapse rate is ________. | greater than the dry adiabatic rate |
When using a psychrometer/hygrometer and the dew point and air temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that ________. | the air has a high relative humidity |
This fog forms in valleys at night. | radiation fog |
These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds. | cumulus |
Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type. | cumulonimbus |
When air sinks, it compresses and warms. | TRUE |
Because the mixing ratio is expressed in units of mass, it is affected by changes in pressure or temperature | FALSE |
The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ________. | condensation |
Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent. | TRUE |
High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed ________. | cirrus |
When stable air is forced to rise, any clouds that are produced are generally thin and flat lying. | TRUE |
A dark gray cloud that blankets the sky and often generates precipitation is called ________. | nimbostratus |
Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft. | FALSE |
Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air? | there are no condensation nuclei |
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________. | cooling by expansion of air |
The dew point is the temperature at which ________. | water vapor condenses to a liquid |
Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog? | steam |
Hail is most commonly associated with ________. | cumulonimbus |
A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called ________. | sleet |
High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed ________. | cirrus |
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________. | stratus |
Hail is most commonly associated with ________. | cumulonimbus |
When using a psychrometer/hygrometer and the dew point and air temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that ________. | the air has a high relative humidity |
When stable air is forced to rise, any clouds that are produced are generally thin and flat lying. | True |
Deserts on the lee/downwind sides of mountains such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________. | rainshadow deserts |
This fog forms in valleys at night. | radiation fog |
The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called ________. | cumulus |
This cloud may develop an "anvil head." | cumulonimbus |
This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range. | alto |
This cloud type is confined to the middle height range. | altostratus |
Because the mixing ratio is expressed in units of mass, it is affected by changes in pressure or temperature. | False |
Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air? | there are no condensation nuclei |
The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________. | 4% |
What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25 C?(relative humidity = water vapor content / by maximum grams water vapor capacity at a given temperature) | 70% |
The dew point is the temperature at which ________. | water vapor condenses to a liquid |
Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions? | afternoon thunder showers |
This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails." | cirrus |
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________ | cooling by expansion of air |
If air at sea level with a temperature of 27>C is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14>C, at what elevation will condensation begin? (Dry adiabatic cooling rate is -6.5 C per km (1000m)) | 2000 meters |
If the temperature drops and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase. | True |
Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft. | False |
When air sinks, it compresses and warms. | TRUE |
This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation. | nimbo |
Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type. | cumulonimbus |
Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog? | steam |
Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent. | True |
The highest relative humidity on a particular day usually occurs in the mid-afternoon. | FALSE |
Dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated. | True |
The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called ________. | cumulus |
A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called ________. | sleet |
This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails." | cirrus |
This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation. | nimbo |
Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions? | afternoon thunder showers |
This process results in the release of about 600 calories of latent heat per gram of water. | condensation |
Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent. | TRUE |
If air at sea level with a temperature of 27>C is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14>C, at what elevation will condensation begin? (Dry adiabatic cooling rate is -6.5 C per km (1000m)) | 2000 meters |
Tornadoes can be associated with this cloud type. | cumulonimbus |
The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________. | 4% |
When air sinks, it compresses and warms. | TRUE |
Hail is most commonly associated with ________. | cumulonimbus |
Orographic lifting occurs where sloping terrains, such as mountains, act as barriers to the flow of air. | True |
The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________. | cooling by expansion of air |
Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog? | steam |
The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________. | stratus |
This cloud type is confined to the middle height range. | altostratus |
If the temperature drops and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanged, the relative humidity will increase. | TRUE |
Dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated. | True |
When stable air is forced to rise, any clouds that are produced are generally thin and flat lying. | TRUE |
Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft. | FALSE |
When air is unstable, the environmental lapse rate is ________. | greater than the dry adiabatic rate |
When warm moist air moves over a cold surface, ________ fog may result. | advection |
A dark gray cloud that blankets the sky and often generates precipitation is called ________. | nimbostratus |
This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range. | alto |
Deserts on the lee/downwind sides of mountains such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________. | rainshadow deserts |
What is the relative humidity for the above conditions at 25 C?(relative humidity = water vapor content / by maximum grams water vapor capacity at a given temperature) | 70% |
The highest relative humidity on a particular day usually occurs in the mid-afternoon | False |
This cloud may develop an "anvil head." | cumulonimbus |
These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds. | cumulus |
The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward. | False |
What is the technical name for a high pressure center? | anticyclone |
A sea breeze usually originates during the ________. | day and flows toward the land |
Santa Ana winds that are often associated with California wildfires (or Chinook or Foehn) wind are ________. | very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope |
High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather. | False |
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and outward from the center |
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________. | isobars |
This pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures | equatorial low |
Upper air winds ________ | are generally faster than surface winds |
Standard sea level air pressure is 1013 millibars. | True |
If Earth were not rotating ________. | air would move directly from high to low pressure |
If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | rising |
Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds? | westerlies |
Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________ | light winds |
A southwest wind blows toward the northeast. | True |
In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and toward the center |
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force? | both wind speed and latitude |
Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________ | high winds |
High air pressure systems are usually associated with ________. | all of these |
The ultimate cause of a sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water. | True |
If stormy weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | falling |
A mountain breeze is best developed in the hottest part of the day. | False |
The pressure gradient force is the driving force behind wind. | True |
In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system (cyclone) blow ________. | counterclockwise and toward the center |
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________. | jet streams |
Low pressure systems are usually associated with clear weather. | False |
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is | 1013 mb |
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity. | False |
Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds. | True |
The pressure gradient force is the driving force behind wind. | True |
What is the technical name for a high pressure center? | anticyclone |
Standard sea level air pressure is 1013 millibars | True |
Cyclones are usually associated with stormy weather. | True |
Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds? | westerlies |
A southwest wind blows toward the northeast. | True |
High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather. | False |
If stormy weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | falling |
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force? | both wind speed and latitude |
If Earth were not rotating ________. | air would move directly from high to low pressure |
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity. | False |
The ultimate cause of a sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water | True |
Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | high winds |
Upper air winds ______ | are generally faster than surface winds |
If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | rising |
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and outward from the center |
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is | 1013 mb |
Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | light winds |
In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and toward the center |
This pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures. | equatorial low |
Santa Ana winds that are often associated with California wildfires (or Chinook or Foehn) wind are ________. | very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope |
In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system (cyclone) blow ________. | counterclockwise and toward the center |
High air pressure systems are usually associated with ________. | all of these |
Horizontal movement of air is called wind. | True |
Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds. | True |
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________. | isobars |
The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward | False |
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds blow clockwise and outward from the center of anticyclones. | True |
A steep pressure gradient ________. | produces strong winds |
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________. | jet streams |
A mountain breeze is best developed in the hottest part of the day. | False |
Cyclones are usually associated with stormy weather. | True |
The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward | False |
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity. | False |
Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force? | both wind speed and latitude |
A sea breeze usually originates during the ________. | day and flows toward the land |
High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather. | False |
Santa Ana winds that are often associated with California wildfires (or Chinook or Foehn) wind are ________. | very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope |
Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________ | jet streams |
Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | high winds |
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and outward from the center |
The region where the trade winds meet is also called the doldrums. | True |
Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | light winds |
Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds. | True |
Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________. | isobars |
If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | rising |
his pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures. | equatorial low |
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds blow clockwise and outward from the center of anticyclones. | True |
A steep pressure gradient ________. | produces strong winds |
The ultimate cause of a sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water. | True |
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending in the direction the front is moving. | warm |
If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a ________ front. | warm |
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with triangular points on the side the front is moving. | cold |
Hurricanes generally are ________. | all of these |
In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones. | True |
In the Northern Hemisphere, tornadoes are most frequent during the ________ | April-June period |
Which of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient? | tornado |
Cold fronts and warm fronts in the middle latitudes are often associated with a ________. | middle-latitude cyclone/low pressure |
Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft. | True |
The precipitation associated with a warm front typically arrives ________ the actual frontal boundary . | considerably ahead of |
After the center of a mature wave cyclone passes, you should expect ________. | barometric pressure to rise |
Divergence aloft helps maintain surface lows | True |
A tornado watch is issued by the National Weather Service after a tornado has been sighted in an area. | False |
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of tornadoes? | usually occur along the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone |
When a hurricane moves onto land, it rapidly loses its punch; that is, the storm declines in intensity. Which of the factors listed below contribute to this loss of punch? | both friction and lack of warm, moist air |
A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a ________ front. | cold |
In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye. | False |
Usually ________ fronts produce several hours or a day of moderate-to-gentle precipitation over a large region. | warm |
If you were 200 kilometers ahead of the surface position of a warm front, you would find the frontal surface at a height of about ________ km overhead.(The slope of a warm front is about 2km per 100km) | 1.0 |
A cT air mass is ________. | warm and dry |
Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts. | False |
A cT air mass is dry and warm. | True |
This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States. | mT |
Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes. | False |
Most severe thunderstorms that occur in the middle latitudes form along or ahead of cold fronts. | True |
The air masses that have the greatest influence on weather conditions in the central United States are ________ | cP and mT |
An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is labeled _______ | mT |
An mP air mass is ________. | cold and humid |
Tornadoes most often move TOWARDS what direction? | northeast |
Tornadoes are most often generated along the cold front of a middle-latitude cyclone. | True |
Typhoon is another name for a ________. | hurricane |
Hurricanes most often develop in late summer. | True |
Usually ________ fronts produce several hours or a day of moderate-to-gentle precipitation over a large region. | warm |
When an active cold front overtakes a warm front ________. | an occluded front forms |
an occluded front forms | middle-latitude cyclone/low pressure |
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with triangular points on the side the front is moving. | cold |
Tornadoes are most often generated along the cold front of a middle-latitude cyclone. | True |
A cT air mass is ________. | warm and dry |
If you were 200 kilometers ahead of the surface position of a warm front, you would find the frontal surface at a height of about ________ km overhead.(The slope of a warm front is about 2km per 100km) | 1.0 |
After the center of a mature wave cyclone passes, you should expect ________. | barometric pressure to rise |
Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts. | False |
This air mass often originates as a different air mass in Siberia and is subsequently altered. | cP |
When a hurricane moves onto land, it rapidly loses its punch; that is, the storm declines in intensity. Which of the factors listed below contribute to this loss of punch? | both friction and lack of warm, moist air |
Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes. | False |
The precipitation associated with a warm front typically arrives ________ the actual frontal boundary . | considerably ahead of |
This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States. | mT |
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of tornadoes? | usually occur along the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone |
A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a ________ front. | cold |
If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a ________ front. | warm |
Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft. | True |
In the Northern Hemisphere, tornadoes are most frequent during the ________. | April-June period |
The air masses that have the greatest influence on weather conditions in the central United States are ________. | cP and mT |
In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones. | True |
Divergence aloft helps maintain surface lows. | True |
A tornado watch is issued by the National Weather Service after a tornado has been sighted in an area. | False |
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending in the direction the front is moving. | warm |
In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye. | False |
An mP air mass is ________. | cold and humid |
Which of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient? | tornado |
Which of the following is considered to be a boundary between two different air masses? | all of the above |
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of tornadoes? | usually occur along the warm front of a mid-latitude cyclone |
Hurricanes most often develop in late summer. | True |
The precipitation associated with a warm front typically arrives ________ the actual frontal boundary . | considerably ahead of |
A cT air mass is dry and warm. | True |
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with triangular points on the side the front is moving. | cold |
A wind shift from south or southwest to northwest is commonly associated with the passage of a ________ front. | cold |
Tornadoes most often move TOWARDS what direction? | northeast |
An air mass from the Gulf of Mexico is labeled ________. | mT |
Tornadoes are most often generated along the cold front of a middle-latitude cyclone. | True |
Most severe thunderstorms that occur in the middle latitudes form along or ahead of cold fronts. | True |
Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes. | False |
When an active cold front overtakes a warm front ________. | an occluded front forms |
An mP air mass is ________. | cold and humid |
In a hurricane the greatest wind speeds and heaviest rainfall occur in the region called the eye. | False |
Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft. | True |
This air mass often originates as a different air mass in Siberia and is subsequently altered. | cP |
Hurricanes generally are ________. | all of these |
Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts. | False |
Divergence aloft helps maintain surface lows. | True |
This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States. | mT |
If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a ________ front. | warm |
Which of the following is considered to be a boundary between two different air masses? | all of the above |
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending in the direction the front is moving. | warm |
In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones. | True |
When a hurricane moves onto land, it rapidly loses its punch; that is, the storm declines in intensity. Which of the factors listed below contribute to this loss of punch? | both friction and lack of warm, moist air |
The belt (orbit) of the asteroids is located between ________. | Jupiter and Mars |
Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral variations in surface temperatures. | True |
Which one of the following is not found on Mars? | H2O-rich atmosphere |
In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe the ________. | Earth was in the center of the universe |
The lunar highlands exhibit rugged, topographic relief and a high density of impact craters. | True |
________ meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core. | Iron |
This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy. | Galileo |
Comets are thought to be composed of dust and tiny, icy particles encased in small, solidified, metallic fragments. | False |
The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of gases and dispersed particles is known as the solar galactic hypothesis | False |
Which of these lunar features is the oldest? | lunar highlands |
________ refers to the bright head of a comet. | Coma |
Galileo observed several features using the telescope. Which one of the following did he NOT discover? | the two moons of Mars |
________ is the principal gas in the Venusian atmosphere and also a minor component of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars. | Carbon dioxide |
The atmosphere of Mars is less dense than Earth's, but dust storms and sand dunes indicate wind action occurs on Mars. | True |
The very large, lava-covered areas of the Moon are called maria. | True |
The smallest planet in the solar system is ________. | Mercury |
The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles. | nebular hypothesis |
Which of the following statements concerning ring satellites of the planets is true? | consist of concentrations of particles generally smaller than 10 meters in diameter |
Which one of the following is most likely to be associated both with impact craters and with volcanic calderas that originate by collapse? | landslides and other mass wasting movements along the walls of the depression |
The high surface temperatures of this planet have been attributed to the greenhouse effect. | Venus |
Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus. | True |
________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide. | Venus |
Which one of the terrestrial planets has a surface landscape similar to that of the older areas of the Moon? | Mercury |
Galileo believed in a Sun-centered view of the universe. | True |
Most of the Moon's craters were produced by ______ | the impact of debris (meteoroids) |
The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia. | False |
Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments. | True |
The planets maintain circular orbits around the Sun. | False |
Galileo discovered Jupiter's four largest moons. | True |
Which one of the following is not true of Jupiter? | a rotational speed slower than Mercury |
Which one of the terrestrial planets has a surface landscape similar to that of the older areas of the Moon? | Mercury |
Which of these lunar features is the oldest? | lunar highlands |
Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments. | True |
________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide. | Venus |
The surface features of ________ are known only through satellite radar mapping. | Venus |
Comets are thought to be composed of dust and tiny, icy particles encased in small, solidified, metallic fragments. | False |
The planets maintain circular orbits around the Sun. | False |
In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe the ________. | Earth was in the center of the universe |
The formation of the solar system from a huge cloud of gases and dispersed particles is known as the solar galactic hypothesis. | False |
Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral variations in surface temperatures. | True |
The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia. | False |
The first modern astronomer to propose a Sun-centered universe was ________. | Nicolaus Copernicus |
________ meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core. | Iron |
The four largest moons of Jupiter are known as the Galilean moons. | True |
Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus. | True |
Which of the following statements concerning ring satellites of the planets is true? | consist of concentrations of particles generally smaller than 10 meters in diameter |
The high surface temperatures of this planet have been attributed to the greenhouse effect. | Venus |
The atmosphere of Mars is less dense than Earth's, but dust storms and sand dunes indicate wind action occurs on Mars. | True |
________ is the principal gas in the Venusian atmosphere and also a minor component of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars. | Carbon dioxide |
Which one of the following is not found on Mars? | H2O-rich atmosphere |
Which one of the following is not true of Jupiter? | a rotational speed slower than Mercury |
This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy. | Galileo |
Which one of the following is most likely to be associated both with impact craters and with volcanic calderas that originate by collapse? | landslides and other mass wasting movements along the walls of the depression |
The very large, lava-covered areas of the Moon are called maria. | True |
The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles. | nebular hypothesis |
he belt (orbit) of the asteroids is located between ________. | Jupiter and Mars |
The lunar highlands exhibit rugged, topographic relief and a high density of impact craters. | True |
The planets maintain circular orbits around the Sun. | False |
Which of these lunar features is the oldest? | lunar highlands |
________ is the principal gas in the Venusian atmosphere and also a minor component of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars. | Carbon dioxide |
________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide. | Venus |
Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral variations in surface temperatures. | True |
________ meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core. | Iron |
Which one of the terrestrial planets has a surface landscape similar to that of the older areas of the Moon? | Mercury |
Which one of the following is not found on Mars? | H2O-rich atmosphere |
The four largest moons of Jupiter are known as the Galilean moons. | True |
The smallest planet in the solar system is ________. | Mercury |
The surface features of ________ are known only through satellite radar mapping. | Venus |
Which one of the following is not true of Jupiter? | a rotational speed slower than Mercury |
Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus. | True |
The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia. | False |
Which one of the following is most likely to be associated both with impact craters and with volcanic calderas that originate by collapse? | landslides and other mass wasting movements along the walls of the depression |
As the solar system was forming, ________ came closest to undergoing nuclear fusion and becoming a second sun. | Jupiter |
The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles. | nebular hypothesis |
Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments. | True |
The lunar highlands exhibit rugged, topographic relief and a high density of impact craters. | True |
The distance to near by stars can be determined from ________. | stellar parallax |
Cool stars evolve much more quickly than do hot stars. | False |
The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive. | True |
Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size? | galaxies |
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________. | light-year |
Our galaxy is called the ________. | Milky Way galaxy |
Which color stars have the highest surface temperature? | blue |
This property of a star can be determined from its color. | surface temperature |
Which main-sequence stars are the most massive? | blue |
The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy. | True |
The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called ________. | the Big Bang |
The final stage in the evolution of the most massive stars is a ________. | black hole |
Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their ________. | distance |
The most dense stars known to exist are ________. | black holes |
The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star. | False |
Most stars are in this stage of evolution. | main-sequence star |
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us. | True |
The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color. | False |
The Sun belongs to this class of stars. | main-sequence star |
A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is called a ________. | black hole |
Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature? | red |
The measure of a star's brightness is called its ________. | magnitude |
The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color. | False |
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. | True |
Stars spend most of their life span as giants. | False |
Possibly the most cataclysmic event to occur in nature is ________. | a supernova |
The final stage for a star which is as massive as the Sun that no longer radiates energy is a ________. | black dwarf |
The measure of a star's brightness is called its magnitude. | True |
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars. | True |
Using stellar parallax, astronomers are able to determine the distance to even the most distant stars. | False |
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars. | True |
The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its remaining thermal energy as light is the ________ stage. | white dwarf |
The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star. | False |
A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is called a ________. | black hole |
Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size? | galaxies |
When a main-sequence star has exhausted the fuel in the inner region, it becomes a ________. | red giant |
Which color stars have the highest surface temperature? | blue |
This property of a star can be determined from its color. | surface temperature |
The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color. | False |
The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive. | True |
The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called ________. | the Big Bang |
The Sun is considered an average star. | True |
The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color. | False |
Which main-sequence stars are the most massive? | blue |
Using stellar parallax, astronomers are able to determine the distance to even the most distant stars. | False |
The most dense stars known to exist are ________. | black holes |
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us. | True |
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________ | light-year |
The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy. | True |
Stars having the same surface temperature, radiate the same amount of energy per unit area. | True |
The measure of a star's brightness is called its ________. | magnitude |
The distance to near by stars can be determined from ________. | stellar parallax |
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. | True |
The Sun belongs to this class of stars. | main-sequence star |
The larger the magnitude number, the brighter will be the star. | False |
The final stage for a star which is as massive as the Sun that no longer radiates energy is a ________ | black dwarf |
Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature? | red |
More than 50 percent of the stars in the universe occur in pairs or multiples | True |
The final stage in the evolution of the most massive stars is a ________. | black hole |
Most stars are in this stage of evolution. | main-sequence star |
This property of a star can be determined from its color. | surface temperature |
Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their ________. | distance |
The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its remaining thermal energy as light is the ________ stage. | white dwarf |
Which main-sequence stars are the most massive? | blue |
Based on the observed red shifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, astronomers conclude that ________. | the universe is expanding |
The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy. | True |
The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color. | False |
The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star. | False |
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us. | True |
A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is called a ________. | black hole |
Most stars are in this stage of evolution. | main-sequence star |
The measure of a star's brightness is called its ________. | magnitude |
The measure of a star's brightness is called its magnitude. | True |
Stars having the same surface temperature, radiate the same amount of energy per unit area. | True |
Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size? | galaxies |
The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color. | False |
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________. | light-year |
The larger the magnitude number, the brighter will be the star. | False |
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. | True |
When a main-sequence star has exhausted the fuel in the inner region, it becomes a ________. | red giant |
The final stage in the evolution of the most massive stars is a ________. | black hole |
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars. | True |
The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive. | True |
Possibly the most cataclysmic event to occur in nature is ________. | a supernova |
The most dense stars known to exist are ________. | black holes |
Our galaxy is called the ________. | Milky Way galaxy |
The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called ________. | the Big Bang |
Cool stars evolve much more quickly than do hot stars. | False |
Stars spend most of their life span as giants. | False |
Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature? | red |
Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ___________. | examples of large estuaries |