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Sensation+Perception
Psychology GRE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the absolute threshold? | The minimum of stimulus energy that is needed to activate a sensory system e.g., for taste, it is a teaspoon of sugar dissolved in 2 gallons of water |
| What is the phi phenomenon and how does it relate to psychology | It is when two or more stationary lights flicker in succession creating the illusion of movement; it demonstrates the apparent motion illusion, also called stroboscopic. Max Wertheimer used this movement to further gestalt psychology |
| What is isomorphism and who is associated with it | Wolfgang Kohler; that the brain transforms sensory data and that it is the transformed data that we consciously experience - highly controversial |
| What is the difference threshold? | The amount of stimulus energy that needs to be added to or subtracted from a stimulus for a person to say that she notices a difference |
| What is the just noticeable difference? | A unit which when subtracted or added from a stimulus, is the exact point at which a person notices a difference in stimuli |
| What is weber's law? | A law which states that the calculated change in stimulus intensity needed to produce a JND divided by the stimulus intensity of the standard stimulus is a constant - the ratio of two stimuli is important in producing JND, not absolute difference |
| What is Fechner's law? | Expresses the relationship between the intensity of the sensation and the intensity of the stimulus- sensation increases more slowly as intensity increases |
| What is response bias and what other theory does it relate to? | How risky the subject is in sensory decision making situations based on nonsensory factors - signal detection theory suggests that other nonsensory factors influence what the subjects says she senses, i.e., a cautious person will have a response bias |
| What are the four categories of a basic signal detection experiment? | Hit; signal present & subject says it is, Miss; signal present and subject says it is not, False alarm; signal absent and subject says it is there, Correct rejection; signal is absent and subject says there's no signal |
| What is an ROC curve and what does it stand for? | Receive operating characteristic- used to graphically summarize a subject's responses in a signal detection experiment, as well as their operating (sensitivity) characteristics |
| What is the difference between sensation & perception? | Sensation is the actual input of sensory information, while perception is the way that sensory information is interpreted by the brain |
| What are the 5 key structures of the eye and their basic function? (HINT: CIPLR) | Cornea; gathers and focuses light, Pupil; contracts or expands to let light in (it's the hole), Iris; the area around the pupil containing involuntary muscles moving the pupil, Lens; controls curvature of light, retina; back of eye --> cones & rods |
| Which have a lower sensitivity to detail: rods or cones? | Rods --> they however do work best in reduced illumination |
| What is the fovea? | The middle section of the retina, containing only cones |
| What are the layers of neurons between the receptors and optic nerve? | receptors (rods & cones), Horizontal; direct neural feedback and also inhibit rods/cones when needed, amacrine; internerurons directing impulses to bipolar cells, bipolar cells; detect light on dark or dark on light, ganglion; receptive field --> Optic N |
| What is the vision pathway of the brain? | Optic nerve --> optic chasm --> optic tract --> lateral geniculate nucleus --> striate cortex/Visual Cortex/V1 of the occipital lobe --> superior colliculus |
| What is feature detection theory? | That there are 3 types of cells: simple; orientation, Complex; movement, and hypercomplex; shape |
| Describe the process of dark adaptation? | Light photons break down the main photopigment in rods- rhodopsin, containing retinal derivative and opsin protein; light breaks down rhodospin --> bleaching ; when exposed to darkness, rhodospin has to recover |
| What is lateral inhibition? | Adjacent retinal cells inhibit one another; sharpens and highlights borders between light and dark areas |
| What is the difference between additive and subtractive colour mixture? | Subtractive--> bry (blue, red, yellow)- pigments; Additive --> bgr - lights: bry makes you cry, bgr makes you purr |
| What is the main difference between trichromatic theory and opponent process theory? | Three types of color receptors; red, blue, green versus three opposing pairs- blue yellow, red green, black white: if the women don't find you handsome, at least they'll find you hering |
Created by:
icormier0021
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